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Invention of Lying, The
The Invention of Lying is a 2009 comedy starring British comedian Ricky Gervais, who also cowrote, codirected, and coproduced the film. The movie presents a fantastical world in which Gervais's character is the first person with the ability to lie and deceive others. The film is a morality play about the use of deception in the world. Some also consider it a proatheism story, as the world without lies also lacks religion until Gervais's character creates God through his lies. Though neither a critical nor commercial success, The Invention of Lying offered an innovative look at how lying affects everyday interactions.
Plot Summary
Mark Bellison (Gervais) lives in a world in which no one has ever told a lie. He is short and chubby, and because everyone tells only the truth, people do not hesitate to remind him of his shortcomings. When he goes on a blind date with Anna (Jennifer Garner), she informs him that she is unimpressed with his lack of money and attractiveness and that she is out with him only as a favor to a friend. Some may find this brutal honesty refreshing, but others could see the benefits of white lies or chosen moments of silence.
Mark works as a screenwriter for a film studio. However, fiction does not exist because there is no lying, so all films are dull historical lectures. Mark is soon fired and he goes to the bank to pay his rent. The computers are down when the teller asks him how much is in his account. Mark says he has $800, the first lie ever told. When the computer reboots and shows that he has only $300, the teller presumes it must be a computer error. This lie to pay his rent leads to more lies: Mark gets a friend out of a driving-under-the influence (DUI) charge, wins a casino jackpot, and tells a woman that the world will end unless they have sex. He also pens the first fiction, adding aliens into his historical screenplay. The surprising film is a wild success and no one has reason to doubt Mark's veracity. Now rich and famous from his lying, Mark asks Anna out on another date. While happy for his success, she still expresses concern that his poor genes will give them undesirable “little fat kids with snub noses.”
Mark's mother suffers a heart attack. She is petrified of death, so to console her Mark tells her that, after she dies, she will be with all the people she loves, feel no pain, and have her own mansion. The staff overhears Mark's depiction of a heaven and people soon flock to him to learn more about the afterlife. To appease everyone, Mark, serving as a variant of the biblical Moses, creates a biblical story of a “Man in the Sky” God figure and presents 10 rules to live by. Still, while Mark single-handedly creates religion through his lies, he refuses to deceive Anna into marrying him instead of his rival Brad (Rob Lowe), and Anna almost marries Brad but does not.
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- Advertising, Marketing, and Public Relations
- Animals and Nature
- Communication
- “Boy Who Cried Wolf”
- Aroused Suspicion
- Bluffing
- Bragging and Grandiosity
- Burgoon, Judee
- Coherence and Correspondence
- Communication
- Content in Context
- Deception Detection Accuracy
- Discovered Deception, Reactions to
- Equivocation
- Exaggeration
- Frank, Mark
- Frankfurt, Harry G.
- Generalized Communicative Suspicion
- Goffman, Erving
- Half-Truths
- Honesty
- Infidelity
- Information Manipulation Theory 1
- Information Manipulation Theory 2
- Interpersonal Deception Theory
- Knapp, Mark
- Language
- Lie Acceptability
- Lie Bias
- Lies, Types of
- Lying, Prevalence of
- McCornack-Parks Model
- McCornack, Steven
- Miller, Gerald
- Paltering
- Park-Levine Probability Model
- Park, Hee Sun
- Plausibility
- Probing Effect
- Relationships: Family
- Relationships: Friends
- Relationships: Romantic
- Relationships: Sexual
- Reputation
- Sender Demeanor
- Sock Puppetry
- Source Credibility
- Tall Tales
- Transparent Liars
- Truth
- Truth Bias
- Veracity Effect
- White Lies
- Deception in Different Cultures
- Entertainment, Media, and Sports
- Invention of Lying, The
- Lie to Me
- To Tell the Truth
- War of the Worlds
- Audience
- Baseball
- Basketball
- Beatles Hoax
- Blair, Jayson
- Brer Rabbit
- Children's Sports Teams
- College Sports
- Computer-Generated Images
- Fairy Tales
- Fantasy and Imagination
- Fiction
- Football
- Frey, James
- Games, Children's
- Glass, Stephen
- Gossip
- High School Sports
- Hockey
- Humor
- Iago (Shakespeare's Othello)
- Internet: Chat Rooms
- Internet: E-Mail
- Internet: Facebook and Social Media Sites
- Internet: Online Dating
- Magic Tricks
- Memoirs
- Movies, Lying in
- News Media: Internet
- News Media: Print
- News Media: Television and Radio
- Photographs, Altered
- Pinocchio
- Poker
- Rose, Pete
- Rumor
- Sawyer, Tom
- Soccer (Football)
- Ethics, Morality, and Religion
- Law, Business, and Academia
- Academia
- Accounting
- Alibi
- Attorneys
- Bankruptcy
- Business
- Caveat Emptor
- Cold Fusion
- Collusion
- Context
- Corporate Fraud
- Corporations
- Credibility
- Dot-Com Bubble
- Financial Markets
- Forgery, Art
- Greenspan, Alan
- Identity Theft
- Insider Trading
- Investment Fraud
- Justice
- Law and Law Enforcement
- Letters of Recommendation
- Libel and Slander
- Manipulation
- Marketing, Deceptive
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Industry
- Perjury
- Plagiarism
- Résumés
- Stylometry
- Witness, False Testimony of
- Military
- Battle of Fishguard
- Battle of the Bulge
- Bush, George W.
- Camouflage
- Churchill, Winston
- Civil War, U.S.
- Clausewitz, Carl von
- Defense Academy for Credibility Assessment
- Department of Defense, U.S.
- Disinformation
- Feigned Retreat
- Iran-Contra Affair
- Iraq War
- Korean War
- Military Deception
- Napoleon Bonaparte
- Nazi Propaganda
- Normandy, Allied Invasion of
- Operation Bodyguard
- Operation Mincemeat
- Operation Neptune
- Operation Quicksilver
- Siege of Mafeking
- Smoke Screen
- Sun Tzu
- Terrorism
- Torture
- Vietnam War
- World War I
- World War II
- Politics and Government
- Authoritarian States
- Big Lie Technique
- Bush, George W.
- Central Intelligence Agency, U.S.
- Clinton, Bill
- Contagious Disease Outbreaks
- Disasters
- Edwards, John
- Espionage and Counterespionage
- Government Propaganda
- Government, Decline of Public Trust in
- Iran-Contra Affair
- Kennedy, John F.
- Nazi Propaganda
- Nixon, Richard
- Secrecy
- Spin, Political
- Stalin, Josef
- Watergate
- White House Press Secretaries
- Psychology: Clinical and Developmental
- Adolescence, Lying in
- Brain
- Childhood, Lying in
- Children, Development of Deception in
- Consciousness
- Consensual Reality
- Cooperation
- Crying
- Disbelief, Suspension of
- Drugs
- Emotions
- False Memories
- Freud, Sigmund
- Guilt
- Impression
- Intelligence
- Lying as Exercise of Power
- Lying as Norm in Social Interactions
- Lying, Accusations of
- Lying, Costs of
- Lying, Difficulty of
- Lying, Intentionality of
- Malingering
- Memory
- Mental Effort in Lying
- Narcissism
- Neurophysiology
- Pathological Lying
- Projection
- Psychoanalysis
- Rationality
- Repressed Memories
- Self-Deception
- Self-Esteem
- Self-Justification
- Theory of Mind
- Ward, Lester F.
- Psychology: Social, Legal, and Forensic
- Behavioral Analysis Interview
- Betrayal
- Bond, Charles
- Cheating
- Cognitive Dissonance
- Cognitive Heuristics
- Cognitive Load
- Concealed Information Test
- Courtship, Deception in
- Daily Life, Lying in
- Deception and Technology
- Deception and Trust
- Deception in Different Contexts
- Deception in Research Design
- Deception Motives
- Deception, Attitudes Toward
- Deception, Characteristics of
- Deception, Definitions of
- Deception, Research on
- Deniability
- Denial
- DePaulo, Bella
- Dishonesty
- Distrust
- Duchenne Smile
- Duping Delight
- Ekman, Paul
- Electroencephalography
- Evidence, Strategic Use of
- Eye Contact
- False Confessions
- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Guilt
- Gullibility
- Honest Baseline Behaviors
- Investigator Bias
- Leakage
- Linguistic Cues
- Lying as Ability or Skill
- Machiavellianism
- Meta-Analysis
- Microfacial Expressions
- Motivational Impairment Effect
- Nonverbal Cues
- Othello Effect
- Overconfidence
- Polygraph
- Reaction Time
- Reality Monitoring
- Scientific Content Analysis
- Situational Familiarity
- Sock Puppetry
- Statement Validity Assessment
- Thermal Imaging
- Vocal Stress Analysis
- Vrij, Aldert
- Wizards of Lie Detection
- Social History: Lies in History, Famous Liars, and Hoaxes
- Great Gatsby, The
- New York Sun's Moon Series
- War of the Worlds
- Anderson, Anna (Anastasia)
- Anthropology, Cultural
- April Fool's Day
- Aristotle
- Bailey, Frederick George
- Barnum, P. T.
- Cardiff Giant
- Charles II Plot
- Churchill, Winston
- Civil War, U.S.
- Clausewitz, Carl von
- Clever Hans
- Colonialism
- Columbus, Christopher
- Con Man
- Conspiracies
- Cottingley Fairies
- Cromwell, Oliver
- Darwin, Charles
- Disasters
- Dreyfus Affair
- Eisenhower, Dwight
- Freud, Sigmund
- Hartzell, Oscar
- Hearst, William Randolph
- Historical Narratives, False
- History of Deception: 1600 to 1700
- History of Deception: 1700 to 1800
- History of Deception: 1800 to 1900
- History of Deception: 1900 to 1950
- History of Deception: 1950 to the Present
- History of Deception: Ancient Civilizations
- History of Deception: Medieval Period
- History of Deception: Renaissance
- Hitler, Adolf
- Inca Empire
- Iran-Contra Affair
- Irving, Clifford
- Jackalope
- Jackson, Andrew
- Jefferson, Thomas
- Kennedy, John F.
- Korean War
- Machiavelli, Niccolò
- Madoff, Bernard
- Memoirs
- Myth
- Napoleon Bonaparte
- Native Americans
- Nazi Propaganda
- Newman, Cardinal
- Nietzsche, Friedrich
- Nixon, Richard
- Normandy, Allied Invasion of
- Nostradamus
- Operation Bodyguard
- Operation Mincemeat
- Operation Neptune
- Operation Quicksilver
- Piltdown Man
- Plato
- Rose, Pete
- Santa Claus
- Siege of Mafeking
- Spanish-American Conquests
- Stalin, Josef
- Stewart, Martha
- Sun Tzu
- Trojan Horse
- UFOs
- Urban Legends
- Vietnam War
- Washington, George
- White House Press Secretaries
- World War I
- World War II
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