Camouflage

Methods of Camouflage

Two ways to conceal the location of something are to either cover it up, or disguise it to resemble the background so that it cannot be discovered. In nature, the colors of some animals are used to blend in with their surroundings, such as a polar bear's white fur. The fur and scales of some creatures add texture to skin, preventing bright reflections from the sun.

The most useful colors for concealment are dull earthy colors, such as greenish browns, grays, or brick reds. Green is a favorite, but it can be difficult to maintain because it can become rather blue in color as it fades, and loses its concealment properties. There is very little blue-green in nature, and blue reflects light more than green.

Texture added to the color also enhances protection. If a smooth board and a rough bath towel are painted the same color, the board will appear lighter in tone because of its ability to reflect light. Texture can make a huge difference, especially in aerial views.

A design pattern known as “disruptive camouflage” is found throughout nature, such as the spots on a leopard, stripes on a zebra or tiger, or colorful rings on a coral snake. This disruptive camouflage technique was often used during World War I, and was known as the “dazzle” style.

Camouflage in Military History

Throughout history, British soldiers wore brightly colored shields and plumes, eventually settling on red jackets. One of the reasons for such bold colors may have been to scare off the enemy, but occasionally, the uniform color was chosen to reflect their national color. Military leaders could [Page 116]also sometimes watch from a distance and follow the success or failure of their men in battle. However, by the end of the 19th century, as the number of snipers increased, uniforms became less vibrant as troops realized that bright colors created easier targets.

Soon after World War I began, an English artist and royal academician, Solomon J. Solomon, began working with various textures and materials that could be used to hide trenches from enemy planes flying above. He convinced British military authorities to experiment with some of his ideas, and because they were familiar with the camouflage work of the French, they were encouraged with Solomon's proposals. Military leaders offered him the position of technical advisor for this project.

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