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Public image is how people feel and think about a particular organization, regardless of facts sometimes. Companies and organizations portray and characterize themselves through marketing campaigns that indirectly tell the public how they should feel about said company. How well an organization manages a crisis will directly impact its public image and will alter how people feel about the organization and its products. Maintaining a positive public image is often a selling point for a crisis management program.

Crisis Communications Strategies

The most difficult part of managing a crisis is reacting with the appropriate response in the eye of the public. There are several things that can be done by a company in crisis to publicly manage its reputation.

Taking responsibility for the crisis is necessary to avoid being seen as defensive and portraying an uncaring attitude. During times of crisis, the impacted company should strive to assist with efforts to find the cause of the crisis versus defending an innocent status. If possible, every effort should be made to correct the problem immediately, regardless of fault. If there are victims, it is important to give them and their families special treatment and genuine sympathy. Conversely, a company in crisis may play the role of the victim while also recognizing and fixing the issue. This can gain the public's sympathy and make the public cheer for its success in recovery.

Every attempt should be made to be proactive with the media. This should start before a crisis occurs by identifying a media spokesperson in order to form a trusted relationship. One spokesperson should be identified to be the face for the company during this time. Only facts should be mentioned when discussing the crisis, rather than speculation, assigning blame, or downsizing the impact of the crisis. Social media should not be ignored. Organizations need to designate someone to monitor what is being said about the crisis and the company in order to immediately counter any erroneous information with the correct facts. All available social media platforms should be used in order to get the message out to the most people.

Case Study: Examples of Positive and Negative Public Images during Crises

Common opinion equates with a quick and honest response; often, accepting responsibility, even if the situation was not caused by the company in crisis, is the most effective strategy for maintaining a positive public image after a crisis. A company that is silent during crisis or puts blame on another entity is usually ostracized by the media and the public at large.

Tylenol Tampering

Tylenol (Johnson & Johnson) underwent a product tampering crisis in 1982 in which it fared well with its public image. The company was faced with the dilemma of the best way to deal with a problem outside its control without destroying the reputation of its brand and its most profitable product. Johnson & Johnson's approach to the crisis, including its readiness and willingness to respond, created a favorable positive image for its brand in the long run.

In short, a murderer took Tylenol bottles from stores’ shelves, added cyanide, and returned them back to the shelves to be sold to the general public. Seven people were killed by taking the Tylenol capsules. When the deaths were traced to Tylenol, Johnson & Johnson responded immediately by recalling and destroying 31 million capsules at a cost of $100 million. It is now known that there was no wrongdoing or shirking with safety on behalf of Tylenol; however, the public saw Johnson & Johnson take responsibility for the crisis. The leadership appeared immediately in the media and at news conferences ready to talk about the situation. Tylenol sales regained as people trusted the company because of its proactive response.

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