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Journaling
Journaling is a relatively simple action that requires time and focus to become a habit in a person's life. Each journal is somewhat unique; there is no one best way to create one. No matter the intent of keeping a journal, the writings can serve many purposes. The key to journaling is consistency in taking the time to write thoughtfully and with some purpose each day. Within the context of crisis management, journaling can be productive and assistive in several ways.
Developing a journal involves a process called reflective writing; research indicates that reflective writing helps the writer to develop a deeper understanding of the events that are the subject of the writing. Although there is no one best way to keep a journal, there are some commonly recognized practices that can help. Journaling should be done at least daily; some write twice a day, once first thing in the morning and again in the late evening before retiring. Journaling works best when it is done somewhat informally, the simpler the better; and when the writer avoids trying to write in a particular style or worrying about writing mechanics, spelling, and grammar; in other words, writing for quantity instead of quality. A journal is intended for the journaler, so it should be kept personal; it is intended for the writer's reference, even though it may someday help others understand past events.
Preventing the Crisis
Journaling can prevent crisis by becoming an early warning system. Consider on a large scale that much of what is known about historical, pre–weather records data is from journals. Explorers have traditionally studied the journals of others to glean information that will help them. Journals help the writer detect patterns because the process aids memory. After a crisis occurs, a journaler may return to the pre-crisis entries and identify indicators that foretold the coming event. As post-crisis time progresses, the journaler may recognize the same patterns developing and be able to either interdict the crisis or be better prepared for what is to come.
Maintaining a Frame through the Crisis
For the journaler in the midst of a crisis, writing contributes to the maintenance of mind. The journaler becomes a chronicler of events and, for the moment, is taken away from being a victim to being an observer engaged in documenting what is seen. There is great value to be gained in studying journals from individuals engaged in warfare and catastrophe, where the journaler has detailed his/her view of the events unfolding; these are sometimes written from a personal viewpoint and other times as though the journaler were simply a recorder of the events that occurred around him or her.

A Civil War diary being prepared for digitization at Iowa State University. Civil war journals have provided historians with intimate accounts of the experience of soldiers and civilians involved in the war effort.
Writing about the stress that is felt in times of crisis helps release those feelings into words on paper. Research shows that journalers report they gain hope of coming through the adversity. Writing through crisis allows the journaler to process the information around him or her in a way that promotes process analysis, and many journalers report gaining insight and even finding solutions through the process of writing.
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- Agencies, United Nations
- Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery, UN (UNDP/BCPR)
- Environment Programme, UN (UNEP)
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
- International Children's Fund, UN (UNICEF)
- International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, UN (UNISDR)
- Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute, UN (UNICRI)
- Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), UN
- World Health Organization (WHO), UN
- Agencies, U.S.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
- Emergency Management Agencies, City and County
- Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
- Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
- State Emergency Management Agencies
- U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
- Categories of Crises: Engineering and Technological
- Air Traffic Control
- Air Travel
- Biological Engineering Risk
- Bridges
- Buildings
- Chemical Risk
- Cyber Crime
- Cyber Security
- Cyber Warfare
- Dams, Levees, and Seawalls
- Electronics Waste
- Environmental Contamination
- Hazardous Materials
- Hazardous Waste Disposal
- Improvised Explosive Devices
- Manufacturing Risks
- Marine Shipping
- Marine Travel
- Mining
- Nanotechnology
- Nuclear Risks
- Ozone Layer Depletion
- Petrochemical Risk
- Sewage Spill
- Smog
- Spaceflight
- Transportation Systems, Vulnerability
- Y2K Bug
- Categories of Crises: Financial and Business
- Categories of Crises: Natural Disasters
- Categories of Crises: Politics, International Relations, and Civil Violence
- Arms Control
- Biological Weapons
- Border Disputes
- Cabinet Office, UK
- Chemical Weapons
- Civil War
- Ethnic Cleansing
- Failed States
- Foreign Policy Crises
- Hijackings
- Hostage Taking and Negotiation
- Human Trafficking
- Interstate War
- Land Mines
- Missiles
- Nuclear and Radiological Weapons
- Nuclear Proliferation
- Peacekeeping
- Protest
- Religious Violence
- Revolution
- Riots
- Suicide Bombings
- Terrorism
- Transportation Security
- War Crimes
- Weapons Trafficking
- Categories of Crises: Population and Demographics
- Disaster Information Databases
- Nongovernmental Organizations
- Risk Management Standards
- Theory, Issues, and Techniques: Civil
- Agency Notification and Mobilization
- Civil Protection
- Civilian Protection, Post-Conflict
- Contingency Planning
- Continuity of Government
- Crisis Information Management Systems
- Debris Management
- Decision Making
- Decision Support Tools
- Disaster Assessment
- Disaster Declaration
- Disaster Risk Reduction
- Documentation
- Emergency Alert Systems
- Emergency Management System
- Emergency Manager
- Emergency Support Functions
- Financial Risk Management in Higher Education
- Hazard Mitigation
- Incident Action Plans
- National Incident Management System (NIMS)
- National Preparedness Goal
- National Response Framework
- Operational Plans
- Operational Readiness
- Perimeter Control
- Policy Setting
- Political and Organizational Leadership
- Preparedness
- Prevention
- Protection
- Search and Rescue
- Situational Analysis
- Stafford Act
- Sustainability
- Threat Detection
- Theory, Issues, and Techniques: Corporate
- Alternate Site, Corporate
- Auditing
- Backup Facility
- Backup Media
- Backup Strategy
- Business Continuity Management
- Business Continuity Planning
- Business Continuity Planning Life Cycle
- Business Impact Analysis
- Business Resumption Planning
- Classification of Systems
- Cluster
- Cold Site
- Continual Improvement
- Critical Applications
- Critical Business Functions
- Criticality Assessment
- Data Mirroring
- Data Recovery
- Dedicated Site
- Disaster Declaration Officer
- Disaster Recovery
- Disaster Recovery Life Cycle
- Disaster Recovery Plan Test Cycle
- Downtime
- Electronic Vaulting
- Failover
- Fink's Crisis Life Cycle
- Impact Analysis
- Incident Management
- Incident Response
- Insurance
- Journaling
- Losses, Quantitative Versus Qualitative
- Maximum Acceptable Outage
- Minimum Business Continuity Objective
- Mirroring
- Mitroff's Five Stages of Crisis Management
- Mobile Recovery Site
- Reciprocal Agreement
- Reciprocal Site
- Recovery Time Objective
- Reinsurance
- Reputational Risk
- Response Team
- Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threat (SWOT) Analysis
- Supply Chain
- Vital Records
- Warm Site
- Theory, Issues, and Techniques: General
- All-Hazards
- Cascading Crisis
- Catastrophe, Definition of
- Climate Change Adaptation
- Collaboration
- Command and Control
- Contingent Coordination
- Coordination
- Coping Capacity and Response Capability
- Credibility
- Crisis Communications
- Crisis Management, Emerging Trends in
- Crisis Simulations
- Crisis, Definition of
- Critical Infrastructure
- Damage Assessment
- Damage Containment
- Debriefing
- Decision Making Under Stress
- Disaster Drills
- Disaster, Definition of
- Disruption of Organizations
- Early Warning Systems
- Electronic Media
- Emergency Management, Principles of
- Emergency Medical Care
- Emergency Operations Center
- Emergency Public Information
- Emergency Responders
- Emergency, Definition of
- Evacuation
- Exercises
- Fusion Center
- Hazard Vulnerability Analysis
- Hazard, Definition of
- Historical Analogies, Use of
- Impact, Definition of
- Improvising
- Incidents Versus Crises
- Interdependence
- Interoperability
- Legal Liability
- Logistics
- Mass Care
- Mass Fatality Management
- Mass Media
- Mental Models
- Methods, Qualitative
- Methods, Quantitative
- Multiple Disaster Problem
- News Media
- Nongovernmental Organizations
- Nonlinearity
- Panic, Nature and Conditions of
- Pre-Crisis Training and Planning
- Pre-Impact Planning Process
- Public Awareness and Education
- Public Image
- Public Relations
- Recovery
- Residual Risk
- Resiliency
- Resource Management
- Response
- Risk Analysis
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Treatment
- Routine Emergencies Versus True Crises
- Safety Policies
- Scapegoating
- Scenario Planning
- Shelter-in-Place
- Simulations
- Social Media
- Spokesperson, Designating and Utilizing
- Stakeholders
- Strategic Plans
- Training
- Trauma
- Trigger Events
- Uncertainty
- Volunteer Coordination
- Vulnerability
- Warning
- Whistle Blowers
- Worker Error
- Theory, Issues, and Techniques: Public Health
- Cholera
- Drug Resistance
- Ebola Virus
- Emergency Medicine
- Epidemics
- Health and Medical Response Scenarios
- HIV/AIDS Epidemic
- Hospital Emergency Room
- Infectious Disease
- Infestations, Parasite
- Influenza
- Living Modified Organisms
- Malaria
- Measles
- Mental Illness
- Noncommunicable Diseases
- Pandemics
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Public Health Surveillance
- Public Safety Canada
- Quarantine
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
- Smallpox
- Social Distancing
- Surge Capacity, Hospitals
- Triage
- Tuberculosis
- Vaccinations
- Theory, Issues, and Techniques: Social Sciences
- Blame, Politics of
- Bounded Rationality
- Bureaucracy
- Chaos Theory
- Cognitive Novelty, Engaging in
- Cosmology Episode
- Coupling
- Decision Making, Theories of
- Decision Stream
- Groupthink
- High Reliability Organization Theory
- Information Asymmetry
- Information Vacuums
- Normal Accident Theory
- Normalization of Deviance
- Organizational Failure
- Paradigm Blindness
- Practical Drift
- Risk Society
- Structural Secrecy
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