Hazard Vulnerability Analysis

The overarching goal following a crisis is to minimize its impact on an organization and return the organization to its pre-event status as quickly as possible. The hazard vulnerability analysis (HVA) is a systematic approach to thoroughly examining a hazard, the probability of a hazard becoming an event, and the resultant risks to the organization in question. A completed HVA serves as a tool used to prioritize hazards, thus giving emergency planners a way to focus resources. This article further defines a hazard vulnerability analysis, explains each component of an HVA, discusses limitations to HVA, and suggests how to conduct an HVA.

In the discussion of crises, the terms risk, threat, and hazard are often treated as interchangeable. For the purposes of this article, the following definitions will used. A hazard can be defined as anything that may pose a danger to an organization or institution. An event occurs when a hazard is realized and it has had an impact on an organization or institution. Risk is a measure of the probability of damage to life, property, or the environment upon the manifestation of a hazard.

Once a hazard is identified, the probability of its becoming an event is quantified according to the following formula:

Several methods have been developed to quantify these terms. A properly performed HVA should differentiate hazards so that planners are provided with a focal point for preparedness and mitigation. Having the support of organizational leadership prior to performing an HVA is critical to its success. Without this support, findings and subsequent recommendations may never be realized. Leadership may not adopt all the recommendations, but efforts must be supported and championed from above.

Hazard Identification

Traditionally, organizations focus on natural disasters, including hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods; however, in today's environment, this may be rather shortsighted. A broad review of all hazards must be examined, especially given the global interconnectedness of our world. Table 1 refers to a partial list of hazards that should be considered.

Table 1 Hazards that should be considered

Since this is not an exhaustive list, any hazard to an organization must be considered. A truly comprehensive review also considers hazards to business operations. It is important to look not only locally but globally as well; for example, obtaining raw materials from a foreign country that undergoes a nationwide labor action or political upheaval can result in supply chain issues.