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Cognitive Behavior Modification
Cognitive behavior modification (CBM) is a blending of two conceptual models of management behavioral and cognitive theory, and as such is a powerful tool for changing trajectories of behavior in children and adults. One of the most widely researched and heavily evidenced types of therapy or intervention, CBM provides an evidence-based model for practice in public and private applications. Behavioral models of management originate with John Watson, Edward Thorn-dike, and B. F. Skinner and are based on learning theories of operant conditioning. Behavior is thought to be ‘learned’ and as such can be ‘unlearned.’ All behavior serves a function for the individual, such as escape and avoidance or access to a reinforcer or reinforcement of some kind. Those reinforcers could be tangible or intangible things or conditions. Cognitive theory involves thoughts and feelings, two things that a behaviorist could not identify or measure overtly. Cognitive theorists would discuss cognitive structures and internal dialogue as the reason for behavior. This internal dialogue is also called self-speech or self-talk and is believed to be modifiable through self-instruction training, whereas a purely behavioral model would seek to change the antecedents and consequences that maintain the behavior.
Definition and Description
Cognitive behavior modification is the theory and practice that people's thinking about events, rather than the events themselves, are responsible for their actions, and that thinking can be modified and lead to behavior change. CBM involves overt behavior but also considers the verbal and internal processes that monitor and guide the more observable behavior. Interventions that are grounded in CBM include self-dialogue and thinking as component antecedents and consequences in changing behavior.
Behavioral Model: Observable and Measurable Events
Antecedent → Behavior → Consequence
Example: Jack is teased by Fisher → Jack hits Fisher → Fisher quits teasing
Jack has learned that hitting will result in escaping teasing and may be more likely to hit the next time there is an occurrence of something Jack wants to escape. A behavioral intervention would target teaching Jack to escape appropriately. This would reflect the function of the behavior (escape) while teaching a new skill to get the same need met.
Cognitive-Behavioral Model
Antecedent → Thinking/Belief System → Feeling → Behavior
Example: Jack is teased by Fisher → Jack thinks about getting teased and has a strong emotional response → The anger or frustration or embarrassment → Leads to hitting
The feelings and behavior in this model are the focus of the intervention rather than the behavior of hitting. A cognitive behavioral intervention would target the thinking and feeling or self-dialogue that occurred rather than attempt to control the consequences and antecedents.
Cognitive behavior modification is a form of intervention that emphasizes the important role of thinking in how people feel and what they do. Cognitive behavior modification involves the attribution of beliefs to people's thoughts that theoretically cause their feelings and behaviors. The benefit of this CBM model is that thinking and beliefs are conceptualized as learned. Thinking, feeling, believing (self-talk, self-narration, self-schema) as a learned behavior means people can change the way they think in order to feel or act, regardless of the situation. CBM can be thought of as a theory, a system of strategies, and a series of techniques. The theory is based on the idea that the processing of information is crucial for the survival of any person or individual.
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