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Bennett, William
Wiliam John Bennett (1943–) was the first director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), or “drug czar.” ONDCP was created as a result of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988. As director of ONDCP, Bennett's role was to epitomize and affirm the current administration's policies regarding illicit drug control and to be at the forefront of the “War on Drugs” in the United States. Bennett's tough stance toward drug law violators and his focus on the moral dimension of drug use characterized his tenure.
Bennett was appointed as director of ONDCP in 1989 by President George H. W. Bush and served in that capacity until his resignation in 1990. A graduate of Williams College (B.A., 1965), University of Texas, Austin (Ph.D., 1970), and Harvard Law School (J.D., 1971), Bennett had previously served in President Ronald Reagan's cabinet from 1985 until 1988 as secretary of education. As drug czar, his formal administrative role was to prepare a national control strategy, to coordinate and supervise the domestic and international anti-drug efforts of executive branch agencies and to encourage state and local-level anti-drug efforts.
Bennett epitomized the philosophies of President George H. W. Bush's administration toward drug use and violations of federal drug laws and served as spokesperson for White House drug policy. His drug control strategy largely emphasized supply reduction (expanding street-level enforcement, targeting drug-trafficking organizations, and reducing foreign aid to nations that did not cooperate with drug crop-eradication efforts) as well as deterrence through increased certainty and severity of punishment and incapacitation of the most dangerous offenders (including toughening penalties, hiring more police officers and emphasizing the importance of making arrests, building more prisons, and recommending drug-testing in the workplace).
Bennett and Drug Legalization
Bennett was a passionate opponent of drug legalization and decriminalization (and at one point during his tenure as director of ONDCP, he engaged in a debate on the subject with economist Milton Friedman in the pages of the Wall Street Journal). He considered support of drug legalization to be a misguided and overly simplistic response to a complex problem and one that represented an unwillingness to recognize and address the myriad consequences associated with drug use. At the heart of his support of drug criminalization was his characterization of drug use as fundamentally wrong and a manifestation of a “moral poverty” that is also associated with street crime and other significant social ills. He framed drug addiction as a moral issue as well, believing it to be a result of moral weakness. In considering the connection between drugs and crime, he rejected the assertion that addicts engaged in crime as a reaction to their addiction and as a desperate attempt to support their habit; rather, he suggested that many drug addicts were criminally active prior to their initial drug involvement, although their addiction would also influence subsequent criminal activity.
Bennett believed drug legalization to be an unrealistic approach with likely devastating societal consequences. Citing James Q. Wilson's work, he predicted that drug legalization would lead to a greater prevalence of drug consumption and higher levels of addiction; he believed that this was dangerous for both society and individuals, as not only was drug use harmful physiologically and psychologically, it also undermined the user's fundamental human dignity and destroyed character and autonomy. He rejected the oft-cited example of Prohibition laws encouraging alcohol consumption, asserting instead that the repeal of those laws actually resulted in a dramatic increase in alcohol usage. He warned that legalization would be disastrous on many fronts, including economic (loss of worker productivity and rising health insurance costs), public health (increase in drug-related accidents, drug overdoses, and accidental deaths) and personal (destroyed families and decimated communities).
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