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The upper part of the soil profile, including at least the eluvial A and illuvial B horizons in which the soil-forming processes predominantly occur. It is the genetic soil influenced by plant roots and micro-organisms. The subsoil is sometimes included insofar as it is affected by soil-forming processes.

[See alsoeluviation, illuviation, parent material]

E. MichaelBridgesSwansea UniversityJohn A.MatthewsSwansea University
10.4135/9781446247501.n3647
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