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Non-living physical and chemical components and factors of an ecosystem (mineral soil particles, rock, water, atmospheric gases, inorganic salts). Sometimes simple organic substances resulting from excretion or decomposition may be included.

[See alsoagro-ecosystem, biotic, environmental factors, holocoenotic environment]

U. BarbaraWohlfarthStockholm University
10.4135/9781446247501.n12
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