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Narrative research in curriculum studies is a relatively new social science methodology and grew out of F. Michael Connelly and D. Jean Clandinin's curriculum studies work on teacher knowledge. They called the method narrative inquiry. The terms narrative research and narrative inquiry are synonyms. Different Individuals outside of curriculum studies may use and interpret the terms differently. Narrative inquiry is commonly used in curriculum studies and is used in this entry.

Narrative inquiry is an experiential methodology for studying curricular experience. The key phrase is experiencing experience. Narrative inquiry is a comprehensive research methodology referring both to a method of inquiry and to the phenomena studied. In narrative inquiry, that is, in experiencing (method) the experience (phenomena), narrative is the phenomena of curriculum inquiry because teachers, students, and others experience curriculum narratively. Narrative is the method of inquiry because the inquiry process is an experiential and collaborative process for the researcher. Narrative inquiry is the experiential study of curriculum experience.

The significance of narrative inquiry for curriculum studies is that researchers participate in the curriculum experience under study. Narrative inquiry in curriculum studies is a holistic experiential study of all aspects of curriculum (learner, teacher, subject matter, and milieu), both in and out of classrooms and schools.

Narrative Inquiry and the Concept of Experience

The Black Box of Experience

Experience is the key term in narrative inquiry. Experiencing experience means that curriculum experience is studied experientially. Much curriculum research treats experience as a black box, taken-for-granted, but not studied. In input-output studies, for example, a new curriculum may be introduced (input) and its effects studied (output) by evaluating student achievement after using the new curriculum, by studying teacher attitudes toward the new curriculum after using it, or by studying parental responses to having their children exposed to the new curriculum. The experience connecting these results to the new curriculum is the black box between input and output. Student achievement, teacher attitude, and parental response data say nothing about children's, teachers' and parents' actual experience of the new curriculum.

Narrative inquiry opens the black box to inquiry into curricular experience. In the example introduction of a new curriculum just described, researchers would participate in teaching the new curriculum. They would explore such things as how students interacted with the curriculum and with one another inside the classroom, and with parents and others outside of the classroom. They would explore student and teacher prior experience relative to the curriculum and examine the goals that students and teachers thought the curriculum served. The researchers might visit parents in their homes and places of work, and they might attend parent-teacher interviews. In this way, what happens between input and output is experienced and studied.

The Meaning of Experience

Connelly and Clandinin observe that arguments for using narrative inquiry are inspired by a view of human experience in which humans lead storied lives. People shape their daily lives by stories and they interpret their past in terms of these stories. Story is a portal through which a person enters curricular situations and by which his or her experience of curriculum is interpreted and made meaningful.

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