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Both of Allen Ivey's parents were born in near poverty during a time when there was no social safety net. Ivey's father's parents had emigrated from Kernow (also known as Cornwall), Great Britain, to the United States and Canada at the turn of the century. Ivey's grandfather died when his father was 9, leaving his grandmother as the sole provider for the family. On his English mother's side, his grandfather lost his inherited local paper due to compulsive gambling. His mother grew up without money for shoes and for required books for school. From his parents' painful childhood experiences, Ivey gained a sense of economic oppression and injustice. Ivey considers himself bicultural, growing up and navigating through his English and Cornish roots, which were not always compatible in their messages with respect to education and achievement.

Ivey grew up in a small house attached to the family store in rural Mt. Vernon, Washington. He attended a two-room school that was a mile away until he was the only person in the eighth grade. In the school environment, Ivey experienced anti-Semitic prejudice even though he had no knowledge about Jews at the time. He did not share these stories of oppression with his parents. Ivey learned to hate oppression in all forms from his rural childhood. He felt fortunate that his parents' value system of standing up alone for righteousness provided him with a foundation for understanding and supporting multicultural issues.

Education and Professional Career

Ivey graduated from Stanford University in 1955 and received a Fulbright Scholarship to study social work for a year in Denmark at the University of Copenhagen. His experience in Denmark played a paramount role in developing his contextual approach to counseling. Ivey then attended Harvard University and received his Ed.D. in 1959. During 2 of his 3 years of study at Harvard, he was also working full-time as director of student activities and guidance instructor at Boston University.

At the age of 25, he founded the counseling center at Bucknell University and served as director of counseling. Ivey then assumed the role of director of the counseling center at Colorado State University from 1963 to 1968. In 1966, Ivey received a small grant from the Charles F. Kettering Foundation to identify specific single skills of counseling. This seed would later turn into the articulation of micro skills. Ivey began teaching at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst in 1968, where he served as a professor for more than 30 years. He authored over 35 books and over 200 articles, chapters, and monographs. His worked has been translated into 18 languages. In addition to his scholarly work, Ivey founded and is the president of Microtraining Associates, an independent, educational publishing firm. Microtraining Associates has paved the way in producing videos and books related to skills training and multicultural development.

Ivey has been and still is heavily involved and active in the professional community. He served as president of the Division of Counseling Psychology (now Society for Counseling Psychology) of the American Psychological Association (APA). He is a fellow of APA and a diplomate of the American Board of Professional Psychology. In addition, he is a fellow of APA s Society for the Study of Ethnic and

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