Counseling the Elderly

Universality

There are no single characteristics that accurately describe “older adults,” as this cohort encompasses an array of different life experiences, personality traits, and goals for counseling. Thus, counseling the elderly must begin with basic knowledge of the aging process, [Page 134]such as normal versus pathological aging, fact versus fiction, and stereotypes. Counselors should be versed in the physical, mental, and emotional aspects of older clients and adept at clinical diagnoses specifically applicable to this population, such as differentiation between depression and dementia.

The majority of counseling approaches build upon a foundation of respect, empathy, and support. Creating a culture where mentally healthy older adults are considered “normal” is paramount to the field of geriatric counseling. Counselors must promote the idea that old age in itself is not pathological and does not necessarily require counseling. However, when symptoms increase beyond the level of the older adult's ability to function, counseling should be an option, regardless of age.

Common Presenting Concerns and Psychological Disorders

Although advanced age is not equated with psychological problems, the elderly in this society experience common areas of concern during later life. Misdiagnosis often occurs due to the belief that all older adults are depressed and that negative thoughts and feelings are normal for someone in this stage of life.