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Purchase and ownership of toys has long-term implications for children, parents, and the environment. While much has been written regarding the effect of certain toys upon gender-identity development and exposure to toxic chemicals, such as PVC, lead, and cadmium, there is little information available about the afterlife of toys once they leave the hands of their owners and land in recycling bins, landfills, or illegal dumps. Toys and their baggage—multiple layers of packaging of various types that accompany them—interact with all segments of society. U.S. children consume more than 40 percent of the world's toys, though they only comprise 4 percent of the world's child population. Though toys were originally manufactured for and marketed to children in the 1960s, the toy market expanded to encompass teenagers in the 1980s. Adults also collect action figures, Beanie Babies, and other toys for display and as investment opportunities. As a nation of animal lovers, Americans also purchase toys for dogs, cats, horses, reptiles, and other small animals.

Beginning as early as the 1980s, when Care Bears entered the marketplace, the plush-toy manufacturing industry ramped up production to offer competing products. In 1982, over 65 million units were sold. In 1984, over 17 million Care Bears were sold in the United States. By 1987, that number nearly tripled to 193 million units.

Recycling Habits

Some families teach their children to recycle their toys. Single-stream recycling makes the practice easier for people because it ends the hassle of sorting. For example, instead of separating cardboard from plastics, all recyclables go into one bin. The numbers of people recycling increase, and less trash is being hauled away from neighborhood curbsides. Toys are sorted with other plastics and sold to facilities handling that particular material.

Disposal Habits

Overconsumption of toys and their resultant disposal is an international burden that each country bears. In the United Kingdom, statistics reveal that the mean age of toys discarded between 1993 and 1998 was 4. While most consumers wish that their items be reused or repurposed, only about 35 percent of toys are donated or sold for reuse, which leaves 65 percent of the total amount of cast-off toys lying in landfills where they may never degrade entirely and may leach chemicals such as lead, cadmium, and PVC into the soil and groundwater tables. When toys are recalled by companies in the United States, they follow U.S. government guidelines in the disposal of the recalled toys and are usually destroyed.

For example, Fisher-Price never refurbishes recalled toys. Customer service supervisors at Manhattan Group of Minneapolis, Minnesota, have no idea what happens to recalled toys that their company manufactures or distributes. This lack of knowledge at the corporate level may indicate that recalled toys are illegally dumped or destroyed, or it may be an instance of corporate ignorance.

Hazards

In 2008, Walmart, Target, and Toys “R” Us recalled about 25 million toys made in China and sold in the United States because they contained lead or other heavy metals and chemicals that cause medical and developmental problems in children. While China bears the brunt of Americans’ ire over lead-contaminated toys, other countries manufacture cheap toys that end up in landfills. Six toy production centers in India produce approximately 2,000 stuffed toys each day—4.4 million toys a year.

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