Entry
Reader's guide
Entries A-Z
Subject index
Toys
Purchase and ownership of toys has long-term implications for children, parents, and the environment. While much has been written regarding the effect of certain toys upon gender-identity development and exposure to toxic chemicals, such as PVC, lead, and cadmium, there is little information available about the afterlife of toys once they leave the hands of their owners and land in recycling bins, landfills, or illegal dumps. Toys and their baggage—multiple layers of packaging of various types that accompany them—interact with all segments of society. U.S. children consume more than 40 percent of the world's toys, though they only comprise 4 percent of the world's child population. Though toys were originally manufactured for and marketed to children in the 1960s, the toy market expanded to encompass teenagers in the 1980s. Adults also collect action figures, Beanie Babies, and other toys for display and as investment opportunities. As a nation of animal lovers, Americans also purchase toys for dogs, cats, horses, reptiles, and other small animals.
Beginning as early as the 1980s, when Care Bears entered the marketplace, the plush-toy manufacturing industry ramped up production to offer competing products. In 1982, over 65 million units were sold. In 1984, over 17 million Care Bears were sold in the United States. By 1987, that number nearly tripled to 193 million units.
Recycling Habits
Some families teach their children to recycle their toys. Single-stream recycling makes the practice easier for people because it ends the hassle of sorting. For example, instead of separating cardboard from plastics, all recyclables go into one bin. The numbers of people recycling increase, and less trash is being hauled away from neighborhood curbsides. Toys are sorted with other plastics and sold to facilities handling that particular material.
Disposal Habits
Overconsumption of toys and their resultant disposal is an international burden that each country bears. In the United Kingdom, statistics reveal that the mean age of toys discarded between 1993 and 1998 was 4. While most consumers wish that their items be reused or repurposed, only about 35 percent of toys are donated or sold for reuse, which leaves 65 percent of the total amount of cast-off toys lying in landfills where they may never degrade entirely and may leach chemicals such as lead, cadmium, and PVC into the soil and groundwater tables. When toys are recalled by companies in the United States, they follow U.S. government guidelines in the disposal of the recalled toys and are usually destroyed.
For example, Fisher-Price never refurbishes recalled toys. Customer service supervisors at Manhattan Group of Minneapolis, Minnesota, have no idea what happens to recalled toys that their company manufactures or distributes. This lack of knowledge at the corporate level may indicate that recalled toys are illegally dumped or destroyed, or it may be an instance of corporate ignorance.
Hazards
In 2008, Walmart, Target, and Toys “R” Us recalled about 25 million toys made in China and sold in the United States because they contained lead or other heavy metals and chemicals that cause medical and developmental problems in children. While China bears the brunt of Americans’ ire over lead-contaminated toys, other countries manufacture cheap toys that end up in landfills. Six toy production centers in India produce approximately 2,000 stuffed toys each day—4.4 million toys a year.
...
- Archaeology of Garbage
- Consumption and Waste, Industrial/Commercial
- Acid Rain
- Aluminum
- Celluloid
- Coal Ash
- Computers and Printers, Business Waste
- Construction and Demolition Waste
- Copper
- Emissions
- Farms
- Fusion
- Garbage Project
- Hanford Nuclear Reservation
- High-Level Waste Disposal
- Hospitals
- Incinerator Waste
- Incinerators
- Incinerators in Japan
- Industrial Revolution
- Industrial Waste
- Iron
- Malls
- Medical Waste
- Midnight Dumping
- Mineral Waste
- Mining Law
- Noise
- Noise Control Act of 1972
- Nuclear Reactors
- Ocean Disposal
- Pesticides
- Power Plants
- Producer Responsibility
- Radioactive Waste Disposal
- Restaurants
- Rubber
- Sanitation Engineering
- Scrubbers
- Solid Waste Data Analysis
- Stadiums
- Sugar Shortage, 1975
- Supermarkets
- Sustainable Waste Management
- Thallium
- Uranium
- Waste Disposal Authority
- Consumption and Waste, Personal
- Adhesives
- Aerosol Spray
- Air Filters
- Alcohol Consumption Surveys
- Audio Equipment
- Automobiles
- Baby Products
- Beverages
- Books
- Candy
- Car Washing
- Carbon Dioxide
- Certified Products (Fair Trade or Organic)
- Children
- Cleaning Products
- Composting
- Computers and Printers, Business Waste
- Computers and Printers, Personal Waste
- Consumption Patterns
- Cosmetics
- Dairy Products
- Disposable Diapers
- Disposable Plates and Plastic Implements
- Dumpster Diving
- Engine Oil
- Environmental Tobacco Smoke
- Fast Food Packaging
- Fish
- Floor and Wall Coverings
- Food Consumption
- Food Waste Behavior
- Fuel
- Funerals/Corpses
- Furniture
- Garden Tools and Appliances
- Gasoline
- Gluttony
- Hoarding and Hoarders
- Home Appliances
- Home Shopping
- Household Consumption Patterns
- Household Hazardous Waste
- Human Waste
- Junk Mail
- Lighting
- Linen and Bedding
- Magazines and Newspapers
- Marketing, Consumer Behavior, and Garbage
- Meat
- Microorganisms
- Mobile Phones
- NIMBY (Not in My Backyard)
- Open Burning
- Packaging and Product Containers
- Paint
- Paper Products
- Personal Products
- Pets
- Post-Consumer Waste
- Pre-Consumer Waste
- Recyclable Products
- Recycling Behaviors
- Residential Urban Refuse
- Seasonal Products
- Septic System
- Sewage
- Shopping
- Shopping Bags
- Slow Food
- Sports
- Street Scavenging and Trash Picking
- Styrofoam
- Swimming Pools and Spas
- Television and DVD Equipment
- Tires
- Tools
- Toys
- Wood
- Yardwaste
- Geography, Culture, and Waste
- Africa, North
- Africa, Sub-Saharan
- Argentina
- Australia
- Brazil
- Canada
- Central America
- Chile
- China
- Developing Countries
- European Union
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- India
- Indonesia
- Iran
- Italy
- Japan
- Mexico
- Middle East
- Netherlands
- Pacific Garbage Patch
- Pakistan
- Philippines
- Poland
- Russia
- Saudi Arabia
- Scandinavia
- Singapore
- South Africa
- South America
- South Korea
- Space Debris
- Spain and Portugal
- Switzerland
- Thailand
- Turkey
- United Kingdom
- United States
- Global Cities: Consumption, Waste Collection, and Disposal
- History of Consumption and Waste
- Atomic Energy Commission
- Bubonic Plague
- Clean Air Act
- Clean Water Act
- Cloaca Maxima
- Earth Day
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
- Fresh Kills Landfill
- Germ Theory of Disease
- Hazardous Materials Transportation Act
- History of Consumption and Waste, Ancient World
- History of Consumption and Waste, Medieval World
- History of Consumption and Waste, Renaissance
- History of Consumption and Waste, U.S., 1800–1850
- History of Consumption and Waste, U.S., 1850–1900
- History of Consumption and Waste, U.S., 1900–1950
- History of Consumption and Waste, U.S., 1950–Present
- History of Consumption and Waste, U.S., Colonial Period
- History of Consumption and Waste, World, 1500s
- History of Consumption and Waste, World, 1600s
- History of Consumption and Waste, World, 1700s
- History of Consumption and Waste, World, 1800s
- History of Consumption and Waste, World, 1900s
- Industrial Revolution
- Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act
- Miasma Theory of Disease
- National Clean Up and Paint Up Bureau
- National Survey of Community Solid Waste Practices
- Price-Anderson Act
- Public Health Service, U.S.
- Recycling in History
- Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
- Resource Recovery Act
- Rittenhouse Mill
- Rivers and Harbors Act
- Safe Drinking Water Act
- September 11 Attacks (Aftermath)
- Société BIC
- Solid Waste Disposal Act
- Toxic Substances Control Act
- Trash as History/Memory
- Waste Reclamation Service
- Issues and Solutions
- Anaerobic Digestion
- Biodegradable
- Browning-Ferris Industries
- Capitalism
- Commodification
- Consumerism
- Definition of Waste
- Downcycling
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- Environmentalism
- Garbage in Modern Thought
- Goodwill Industries
- Incinerator Construction Trends
- Organic Waste
- Overconsumption
- Politics of Waste
- Pollution, Air
- Pollution, Land
- Pollution, Water
- Recycling
- Rendering
- Salvation Army
- Sierra Club
- Social Sensibility
- Street Sweeping
- Sustainable Development
- Toxic Wastes
- Transition Movement
- Trash to Cash
- Typology of Waste
- Underconsumption
- Waste Management, Inc.
- Waste Treatment Plants
- Water Treatment
- WMX Technologies
- Zero Waste
- People
- Sociology of Waste
- Garbage Dreams
- Avoided Cost
- Crime and Garbage
- Culture, Values, and Garbage
- Economics of Consumption, International
- Economics of Consumption, U.S.
- Economics of Waste Collection and Disposal, International
- Economics of Waste Collection and Disposal, U.S.
- Environmental Justice
- Externalities
- Freeganism
- Garbage Art
- Garbage, Minimalism, and Religion
- Garblogging
- Greenpeace
- Material Culture Today
- Material Culture, History of
- Materialist Values
- Needs and Wants
- Population Growth
- Race and Garbage
- Rubbish Theory
- Socialist Societies
- Sociology of Waste
- Surveys and Information Bias
- Waste as Food
- U.S. States: Consumption, Waste Collection, and Disposal
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arizona Waste Characterization Study
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- District of Columbia
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
- Waste, Municipal/Local
- Loading...
Get a 30 day FREE TRIAL
-
Watch videos from a variety of sources bringing classroom topics to life
-
Read modern, diverse business cases
-
Explore hundreds of books and reference titles
Sage Recommends
We found other relevant content for you on other Sage platforms.
Have you created a personal profile? Login or create a profile so that you can save clips, playlists and searches