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Part of what was referred to in the 19th century as the Great American Desert (in actuality, a highly productive prairie), Nebraska is one of the leading states in the United States for farming and ranching and is located in the Great Plains of the Midwest. The state is named after the Otoe or Omaha phrase for “flat water,” as the phrase sounds similar in both Native American languages; it refers to the Platte River that flows through the state. Most of Nebraska lies above the immense Ogallala Aquifer, from which water feeds some of the most productive agricultural counties in the United States. The Nebraska Sand Hills cover much of the north-central quadrant of the state, hosting cattle ranches and a varied biodiversity of insect, bird, mammal, and plant species. Human population is most concentrated near the eastern border. Apart from agriculture, other important economic sectors are manufacturing, telecommunications, information technology, insurance, and freight transport. Nebraska has a rich railroad history and the world's largest train yard—Union Pacific's Bailey Yard—located in North Platte. Native American peoples who have inhabited Nebraska include the Omaha, Missouri, Ponca, Pawnee, Otoe, and various Sioux tribes. Lincoln is the state capital, Omaha is the largest city, and Omaha-Council Bluffs is the largest metropolitan area.

Statistics and Rankings

The 16th Nationwide Survey of MSW Management in the United States found that, in 2006, Nebraska had an estimated 2,360,861 tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, placing it 36th in a survey of the 50 states and the capital district. The tonnage of exported and imported MSW tonnage was not reported. Based on the 2006 population of 1,763,765, an estimated 1.34 tons of MSW were generated per person per year (ranking joint 18th). Nebraska landfilled 2,100,347 tons (ranking 35th) in the state's 23 landfills, and it was ranked 20th out of 44 respondent states for number of landfills and was continuing to add capacity as of 2006. Nebraska has no waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities. It recycled 260,514 tons of MSW, placing Nebraska 37th in the ranking of recycled MSW tonnage.

Great Nebraska Trash-Off

The Great Nebraska Trash-Off is an annual event held in April since 2009 in which volunteers clear rubbish from Nebraskan highways. In 1999, 3,756 volunteers in 226 groups cleared 904 miles of highway. At its peak in 2002, 1,908 miles of highway were cleared by 5,950 volunteers in 477 groups. The largest turnout was in 2004 when 6,554 volunteers cleaned 1,852 miles of highway. However, in 2009, volunteer turnout was down to 2,571 with only 720 miles of highway cleared. The Trash-Off is part of the Adopt-A-Highway program, a national scheme that has run in Nebraska since 1990 (having begun in Texas in 1985). Volunteer groups registered for the scheme agree to pick up litter along a section of highway 2–6 miles in length twice a year for two years. The state installs the volunteer group's nameplate at each end of the section and provides trash bags, traffic signs, high-visibility vests, and collected trash disposal. Around 1,379 groups cover one-quarter of Nebraska's 10,000 miles of road.

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