Relational Maintenance Theories

Definitions

Researchers define relational maintenance in a number of ways. Kathryn Dindia and Daniel Canary, in a review of relevant literature, found that four common definitions of relational maintenance behaviors exist. The first definition is to keep a relationship in existence. Basically, this definition is understood as sustaining the existence of the relationship, which often includes daily routine behaviors. Examples could include sharing a meal with a spouse, calling a friend to catch up, or saying hello to a coworker. Although research indicates that adult friends may contact one another infrequently, even these rare contacts can serve the purpose of sustaining the existence of the relationship.

The second definition is to keep a relationship in a specified state or condition. This definition implies sustaining the current level of the relationship with respect to particular qualities or characteristics. Typically, this has meant maintaining a particular level of intimacy. However, this definition can include any aspect of the relationship partners conclude to be important, such as attraction or understanding. Importantly, relationships can stabilize at different levels of these characteristic. Thus, it might be appropriate and even desired for acquaintances to maintain a minimal level of contact and intimacy, whereas for romantic couples the desired level of intimacy would be much greater. Consequently, the use of relational maintenance behaviors is, in part, determined by the desired level of these relationship qualities.

The third definition is to keep a relationship in a satisfactory condition. This definition refers to the need to maintain a satisfying relationship. Relationship research often emphasizes keeping relationships mutually satisfying for both parties. This definition differs from the first two definitions in that a relationship can be in existence (first definition), can be stable (second definition), but can still be dissatisfying. Research in-line with this definition typically uses satisfaction as an outcome variable as opposed to longevity of the relationship (i.e., existence of the relationship).

The fourth definition is to keep a relationship in repair. This metaphor actually has two different meanings. The first is to keep the relationship in a good condition. The second is to repair a relationship that has been damaged. These meanings have also been referred to as preventative maintenance and corrective maintenance, respectively. Although researchers recognize that repair and maintenance often overlap, the first meaning (preventative maintenance) is generally accepted as under the conceptual umbrella of relational maintenance, whereas the second definition (corrective maintenance) is generally thought to be outside the conceptual realm of relational maintenance.

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