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For social justice–minded educators, teaching is indeed a political act, and teachers and students are constantly negotiating power relations both within and outside of the classroom walls. These negotiations have the potential to be both deconstructive and reconstructive. Anti-racist teaching stems from a position that racism is endemic to the global society. Through the unveiling of how racism functions through education, racism's deleterious effects in schools and classrooms can be analyzed and deconstructed. Reconstruction occurs when people ask, anti-racism for what ends? The answer differs for stakeholders in the educational system and results in a diverse set of approaches to anti-racist education.

Anti-racist education is also a response to disproportionately lower levels of success for students of color and higher racial violence in schools. In the field of education, the United States, Canada, and Australia have appropriated theories from British anti-racist education to theorize reform and social change through education. An increasing number of scholars have focused their research on the preparation of teachers for anti-racist teaching. Teachers have also published accounts of anti-racist teaching. This work shows that education may be employed as an instrument to bring awareness of unjust educational practices to students, teachers, families, and policymakers.

A Multicultural Movement in Education

Anti-racist education emerged out of a progressive social movement in education that included an emphasis on both culturally responsive teaching and multicultural education. Culturally responsive instruction centers on the idea that students have different histories of participation with literacy, schools, and social relationships, and schools are responsible for valuing these events and experiences. Multicultural education includes the cultural traditions, languages, and perspectives into the school curriculum and expands the artistic and literary curriculum to include works authored by racial and ethnic groups outside of the traditional Western canon.

In some educational debates, anti-racist education has been posited in opposition to multicultural education, although there are significant overlaps in the impetus for these pedagogies and how they are implemented. Anti-racist education emerged because multicultural education has often focused on culture without considering how cultural differences are accorded different value. Teaching from multicultural perspectives does not always include noticing and naming educational inequalities, equipping students and their families to understand how cultural differences are assigned value, and examining equity in terms of material and economic outcomes. Further, multicultural educators have failed to emphasize race in an attempt to eradicate racism from the classroom. In addition, anti-racist teaching has added a focus on institutional and individual racism, as well as a focus on class, which are absent in the multicultural movement. Finally, anti-racist teaching has an added emphasis on critical dialogue to explicate injustices, a feature that is often absent in multicultural education.

Perspectives in Anti-Racist Teaching

Educators with diverse perspectives and methods conduct anti-racist teaching and research. Anti-racist teaching had its major impetus in the social movements of Canadian and British educators. Practices related to anti-racist teaching can bring awareness to inequities based on the negative valuation of ethnic, racial, or cultural characteristics. An anti-racist education provides opportunities for teachers and students to question racist or stereotyped thinking and how racial differences lead to inequalities in employment, breeches in human and civil rights, and violence against subjugated groups. Anti-racist educators hold a great number of theories about how anti-racism develops within individuals and social groups as well as in institutions.

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