Antidepressants

Drugs prescribed to relieve the symptoms of depression or low mood. Several classes of antidepressants can be distinguished. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are effective in treating many cases of depression but can result in elevated blood pressure if food high in tyramine (found in aged cheeses, red wine, chicken livers) is consumed. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are prescribed more often than MAOIs and generally produce fewer side effects, though they are associated with side effects such as fatigue, dry mouth, dizziness, blurred vision, low blood pressure, and constipation, among others. Moreover, combining tricyclics with alcohol can be fatal. Today's most popular group of antidepressants includes those that affect the neurotransmitter serotonin. The most prominent drug in this class, fluoxetine (Prozac), was introduced in 1986 and is as effective as older antidepressants, though associated with fewer side effects. In 50% to 60% of patients, medication results in improved mood, greater physical activity, increased appetite, and improved sleep. For more information, see Olfson et al. (2002).