Multiple-level Regression Analysis of Survey and Ecological Data
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Model building started – historically speaking – with econometrics in the thirties. These early attempts at formalizing (economic) theory labored under heavy limitations as far as computational possibilities were concerned. Today, as model construction is on its way into the spheres of sociology and other social sciences, not only is this limitation vanishing, but at the same time data bases are improving rapidly. This is of considerable or even crucial importance for sociology since it has to handle individual data. In contrast, econometric models used to concentrate on macro-theory and macro-level data insofar as the object of analysis was such dynamic economic processes as business cycles and growth. The work of Tinbergen, Klein, Goldberger, Christ and Tintner in the years 1939 up to the middle sixties started to influence economic theorists, stimulated advances in statistical techniques and helped to clarify the problems raised when one tried to formalize and test theories other than those of the stricter sciences. The static tradition in econometrics was incorporated in demand analysis and consumer research. This branch reflected the tradition of micro-economic theory in its more empirical aspirations. Here survey data became prominent and their cross-sectional quality testified to their static character as against the macro-economic time series approach of structural models. It might be more than a matter of historical amusement to speculate about the inherent necessity that the static approach and micro-theory went together on the one
‘Multiple-level Regression Analysis of Survey and Ecological Data’, and Pappi Social Science Information, 8 (5) (1969): 43–67. Published by SAGE Publications Ltd. Reprinted with permission.
Chronology of Multiple-level Regression Analysis of Survey and Ecological Data
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