Summary
Contents
Fieldwork has often been viewed as a great black hole, untaught and unteachable. While recent years have seen an increase in the number of how-to manuals for doing fieldwork, they never fully convey the complexity of the experience–the loneliness, the uncertainty, the moral dilemmas, the ambiguities. In Experiencing Fieldwork, a group of top ethnographers addresses various issues and challenges of the fieldwork experience. How do you gain entree into a setting? What tricks are there to learning the rules of the community without alienating the people you came to study? How are good relations maintained with informants? What happens after you leave the field? Using examples of research from police departments to schools, from nursing homes to motorcycle gangs, the essays in this absorbing volume make the process of fieldwork come alive for the reader and provide invaluable advice for those entering the field. Scholars, researchers, and students in the fields of sociology, anthropology, education, and organization studies will benefit from the insights contained in this practical volume. “The depth of research experience among the authors is impressive, as is the range of groups they have studied–from students to survivalists, and from health care practitioners to motorcycle gangs…. The articles are ideally suited to help novices realize that emotional and interactional quandaries are an integral part of field research, rather than idiosyncratic experiences deriving from their own lack of expertise.” – Contemporary Sociology “The central strength of this edited volume as an instructional tool is its organizational respect for the theoretical tradition of symbolic interactionism…. Shaffir and Stebbins succeed in characterizing the research act as fully social action–as an ongoing production between positioned subjects…. Essays in each section provide a range of substantive materials and accounts from diverse ethnographic settings. The result is a detailed account of the process of doing fieldwork which provides the reader with a clear sense of ethnography as a practical accomplishment which rarely goes according to plan. A pedagogical strength of this text is to be found in the range of substantive settings made available to students…. Provides a tool through which students may demystify the exotic and attend to the problematic qualities of the everyday lives which they live…. A Valuable text for those teaching research oriented field methods courses.” – The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology “A very credible work…this volume as a whole represents a distinctive contribution to the fieldwork literature. Most of the chapters more than adequately convey a meaningful sense of fieldwork experiences, and some of them are unique, exceptionally powerful, and truly outstanding. The text is valuable as an introduction to qualitative field research for advanced undergraduates, and especially for graduate students. Nonspecialists in other fields with an interest in methodology, research practice, and qualitative fieldwork will find it an inestimable resource. Specialists will especially appreciate the selections that develop key concepts on the basis of copious, concrete examples, as well as the several chapters that talk directly to other field-workers.” – Journal of Contemporary Ethnography “For cultural anthropologists working in North America, and especially applied anthropologists, these essay's provide an insider's perspective on qualitative fieldwork and the many lessons to be learned from it.” – American Anthropologist
The Researcher Talks Back: Dealing with Power Relations in Studies of Young People's Entry into the Job Market
The Researcher Talks Back: Dealing with Power Relations in Studies of Young People's Entry into the Job Market
Field research involves many different forms of intervention, from silent observation, muttered agreement, and expressions of surprise to asking direct questions and providing information about oneself or the study. An important additional aspect of any research intervention is the researcher's appearance, accent, age, sex, ethnic or cultural group, and so on. All of these elements will shape participants' reactions to the researcher and the study itself. There is no such animal as the totally detached and value-free observer. Listening to someone speak in apparently passive silence can have a major impact if that person belongs to a marginalized and subordinated group whose experiences are seldom taken seriously. When the researcher intervenes in a more active way and “talks back” to the participants, the impact is usually more obvious, but all types of intervention can be equally significant.
The skills required in field research are many and varied, but feminists have pointed to the pervasive masculine connotations associated with field research techniques (Harding, 1987). Some male field researchers have emphasized the macho elements of their roles as hustler, voyeurs, and troubleshooters with considerable pride. Yet field research also has been defined in terms of more feminized elements such as facilitating interaction, socializing, and listening to others. It is certainly not the case that all male researchers adopt the roles of hustler or troubleshooter and all women act as sympathetic listeners, but many aspects of a given research intervention have gender connotations. The dominant discourses, roles, and expectations of field researchers are predominantly masculine.
This chapter traces my experiences as a woman engaged in a qualitative study of young women's entry to the full-time job market (the Young Women and Work Study), and in a more traditional social survey of racial discrimination in the youth job market. The former provides an example of how dominant notions of gender and power relations were reflected in practice. The survey study is included as an example of what can happen when the researcher talks back and intervenes to challenge participants' accounts in the early stages of a study.
Too often research of all kinds, including field research, is treated as an apolitical academic exercise. Field researchers have been better than most at acknowledging the political implications of their work, and the power differentials implicit (and often explicit) in the relationship between researcher and researched. These aspects of the research relationship may be most acute during the early stages of a project, when researchers may be least confident about how to intervene, or whether to intervene at all. I share some of my own research experiences below, drawing out the operation of power relations around race and gender, in the hope that these may be relevant to other studies and other contexts.
The Young Women and Work Study
This project was a three-year study of the transition from full-time education to the job market for young working-class women in Birmingham, the second largest city in England (Griffin, 1985). It relied entirely on qualitative ethnographic research methods, involving informal interviews and systematic nonparticipant observation. The study was set up as a sort of female equivalent to Paul Willis's six-year research with a group of young white working-class men who left nearby schools in the mid- 1970s (Willis, 1977).
...
Get a 30 day FREE TRIAL
-
Watch videos from a variety of sources bringing classroom topics to life
-
Read modern, diverse business cases
-
Explore hundreds of books and reference titles
Sage Recommends
We found other relevant content for you on other Sage platforms.
Have you created a personal profile? Login or create a profile so that you can save clips, playlists and searches