SAGE Video: Series - Nursing

  • Airway Management

    An overview of the components and functions of the pulmonary and related systems is given, as well as identification of respiratory dysfunction, hypoxemia, hypoxia, and determinants of arterial oxygenation.

    Oxygen therapy is discussed as a way to treat hypoxemia and hypoxia. Different devices for oxygen delivery are explored, as well as the risks of oxygen therapy.

    Care and cleaning of a tracheostomy is explained, as well as the suctioning of the tracheostomy tube and other necessary measures.

    The purpose and function of chest tubes are described, as well as how to insert a chest tube and address complications and an accidental removal.

    Caring for the mechanically ventilated patient is discussed, including ventilator settings and modes, the responsibilities of the nurse, suctioning, and potential complications.

  • Communications

    Gwen van Servellen, a professor emeritus from UCLA School of Nursing, discusses how quality communication affects patient care outcomes.

    Gwen Van Servellen, Professor Emeritus from the School of Nursing at UCLA, discusses provider-to-provider communications. She describes characteristics of communication in work groups, reviews the consequences of dysfunctional communication in health care, and connects poor communication to poor patient care. Leadership styles and ways to improve communication are also discussed.

    Gwen Van Servellen, PhD, RN, FAAN, professor Emeritus from the UCLA School of Nursing in Los Angeles, discusses advancing patient-centered care through therapeutic communication.

  • Community Health and Family Nursing

    Associate professor Doreen Westera, RN, MScN, MEd, Memorial University, discusses the importance of community health nursing, while urban and rural community health nurses share their practical experience.

    Associate professor Doreen Westera, RN, MScN, MEd, Memorial University, discusses many aspects involved in community and aggregate assessment, and various health care professionals share their perspectives.

    Associate professor Doreen Westera, RN, MScN, MEd, Memorial University, discusses family assessment in community health nursing, and three community health nurses share their perspectives and experiences.

    Associate professor Doreen Westera, RN, MScN, MEd, Memorial University, discusses many aspects of family-focused community health nursing intervention in promoting and preserving the health of families and communities.

    Associate professor Doreen Westera, RN, MScN, MEd, Memorial University, discusses the practice of home visits in community health nursing, as exemplified by the perspectives and experiences of Anita Forward, a public health nurse, and Darlene Smith, a home care nurse.

    Associate professor Doreen Westera, RN, MScN, MEd, Memorial University, discusses programming in community health nursing, and various health care professionals share their perspectives and experiences.

    Associate professor Doreen Westera, RN, MScN, MEd, Memorial University, discusses the vital role of community health nursing in community development, exemplified by community health nurses and community members of the Green Bay area in Newfoundland.

    Associate professor Doreen Westera, RN, MScN, MEd, Memorial University, discusses emergency management in public health as illustrated by experiences of health care professionals during the H1N1 pandemic.

    Associate professor Doreen Westera, RN, MScN, MEd, Memorial University, discusses primary health care in community health nursing, and practicing health care professionals share their experience in its implementation.

  • Confidentiality

    Ways to maintain patient confidentiality in health care settings are presented, including in hospitals and outpatient facilities, the use of medical records and computers, and other communication issues.

    An overview of Title II of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), with descriptions of the five rules that cover patient confidentiality.

    Twelve scenarios are presented where patient privacy has either been maintained or breached according to the rules set out in HIPAA.

  • Creating an Equitable Healthcare System

    Kelsey Landrum, RN, and Kyle Gresenz, MPH, Arizona State University, discuss creating an equitable healthcare system, including the importance of inclusive education, the impact of the pandemic, and obstacles for patient populations.

    Kyle Gresenz, MPH, Arizona State University, discusses creating an equitable healthcare system, including changes needed, movements promoting, benefits of, and problematic pre-conceived notions.

  • Documentation

    The essentials of nursing documentation are reviewed, including the many functions of medical records, types of documentation, and the documentation process.

    The need for and benefits of having electronic medical records and documentation is discussed, including increased efficiency, patient privacy, recommendations of the Joint Commission, HIPPA and HITECH guidelines, and the booming field of informatics.

  • Enhancing Communication and Counselling Skills in Today's Nursing Practice

    Associate professor Doreen Westera, RN, MScN, MEd, Memorial University, discusses empathy as an essential skill when counseling clients.

    Associate professor Doreen Westera, RN, MScN, MEd, Memorial University, discusses immediacy as a beneficial counseling skill when working with clients.

    Associate professor Doreen Westera, RN, MScN, MEd, Memorial University, discusses attending skills and listening skills, including an understanding of barriers to listening, as essentials skills when counseling clients.

    Associate professor Doreen Westera, RN, MScN, MEd, Memorial University, discusses reflecting content and information giving as beneficial counseling skills when working with clients.

    Associate professor Doreen Westera, RN, MScN, MEd, Memorial University, discusses confronting as an essential, high-level challenging skill when counseling clients.

    Associate professor Doreen Westera, RN, MScN, MEd, Memorial University, discusses the types of and usefulness of questions as probing tools for counseling patients.

    Associate professor Doreen Westera, RN, MScN, MEd, Memorial University, discusses self-disclosure in the context of counseling clients.

  • Essential Nursing Informatics

    Introduction to essential nursing informatics, including a brief history of informatics, hardware, software, and types of technology.

    The impact of informatics on nursing is discussed, including new technologies, competencies, components of practice, and the nursing informatics specialty.

    The impact of nursing informatics on healthcare and quality initiatives is discussed, including financial benefits, healthcare records, improved patient outcomes, standardization, documentation, barcoding, and wireless communication.

  • Foundations of Nursing Care

    The nursing process includes five steps: assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. These are explained in the context of the role of a nurse, and an example is given.

    The importance of maintaining the patient care environment is explained, including proper hygiene for the nurse and the patient, as well as patient safety, physical environment safety, sepsis and infection control, and isolation guidelines where appropriate.

    Communication in the healthcare environment is discussed and modeled, including verbal, nonverbal, therapeutic, and barriers to communication.

    Documentation is a key component of any health care plan. A thorough record of a patient's history, current treatment, and their care plan going forward allows all members of the health care team to be on the same page, working toward the same goal in a cohesive and organized way.

    The nurse's role in pain management is discussed, including the assessment of pain, the implementation of pain management, and education of the patient.

    Methods for measuring five vital signs—body temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain—are explained and an overview is given of equipment and processes.

    An overview of the assessment of major physical systems is presented, including neurological, cardiac, respiratory, abdominal, peripheral vascular, and musculoskeletal exams.

    The consequences of fluid deficit or fluid overload are explained, and an overview is given of the body's mechanisms for fluid regulation, as well as how to treat imbalances.

    Bowel and urinary elimination are discussed, and issues such as constipation, incontinence, and diarrhea are explained. Step-by-step instructions for placing a catheter are given.

    The importance of both sleep and physical activity are described, as well as the need for nurses to assist patients in finding and implementing both exercise and bedtime routines. Sleep and exercise challenges, disorders, and assistive equipment are explored.

  • Gendered Racism in Healthcare

    Dr. Richelle Joe, PhD, an associate professor at the University of Central Florida, discusses gendered racism, including benefits of holistic approaches, systemic barriers in counseling environments, and balancing cultural competencies with avoiding stereotypes.

    Dr. Richelle Joe, PhD, an associate professor at the University of Central Florida, discusses understanding health disparities for Black women, including gendered racism, the relation of Black women's healthcare and counseling, and fixing the counseling environment.

  • Gerontology

    An overview is given of gerontological nursing and factors that affect the well being of elderly populations, including, ageism, disease management, geriatric syndromes, and end-of-life planning.

    Overviews of how body systems are affected by aging are presented, including the cardiovascular system, the pulmonary system, the gastrointestinal system, the endocrine system, the renal system, the genitourinary system, and the immune system.

    An overview of the physiological changes of aging is presented to help nurses recognize and address potential issues before they result in disease or disability.

    The psychological changes that take place as the body ages are discussed, beginning with Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, followed by cognitive changes, including delirium, dementia, and depression. The ways that social issues affect an aging population are also explored.

    An overview of proper physical and functional assessments of older adults is presented, including the identification of risk factors for, or the presence of, gerontological conditions.

    An overview of the psychological and social assessment of older adults is presented, including sleep, delirium, dementia, depression, and social situation assessments.

    An overview of the types of elder abuse is given, along with explanations of how to assess an elderly patient for each.

    Strategies to promote the well-being of older adults are guided by the physical, psychological, and emotional condition of the individual. The development of an individualized plan includes evaluating the patient's current disease processes as well as injuries, medical complications, and ability to perform activities of daily living.

  • HIPAA for Healthcare Workers

    An overview of Titles I and II of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), with descriptions of the five rules of Title II that impact health care workers.

    The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, or HIPAA, reinforces healthcare workers' attention to patient confidentiality. Everyone who comes in contact with the patient or has access to patient records is responsible for maintaining patient confidentiality.

    A description of the security rule of the administrative simplification section of Title II of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and its relevance for nurses.

  • History of Nursing

    Patricia Hanes gives an overview of the history of nursing from its ritualistic origins 45,000 years ago up to the 18th century.

    Patricia Hanes outlines the history of nursing from the industrial revolution through to the opening of the Deaconess Institute and the foundation for nursing educational reform.

    Patricia Hanes provides an overview of the accomplishments of Florence Nightingale up to her health care reforms and experiences during the Crimean War.

    Patricia Hanes concludes a discussion of Florence Nightingale's life and her role in the reform of nursing during the late 19th century.

    Patricia Hanes discusses the medical milieu of the mid-19th century, nursing during of the Civil War, and the influence of both on the development of modern nursing.

    Patricia Hanes highlights the life and accomplishments of Clara Barton, including bringing the International Red Cross Committee to the United States.

    Patricia Hanes discusses the history of nursing through the late 19th century, including the rise of hospitals and the spread of Florence Nightingale's ideas about nursing education and improved nursing care.

    Patricia Hanes reviews the history of nursing during the early 20th century, including significant reforms such as nurse registration and technological advancements that increased opportunities for specialization.

    Patricia Hanes discusses the rise of public health nursing, which can be attributed to the influence of Lillian Wald, a remarkable nurse and reformer of the early 20th century.

    Patricia Hanes discusses Black nursing leaders, like Jessie Sleet Scales, including the segregation and social barriers they faced, and their inspiring influence in shaping the profession of nursing, particularly in impoverished and marginalized communities.

    Patricia Hanes discusses nursing during World War I as a crucial turning point in the history of nursing and in the development of military nursing.

    Patricia Hanes discusses the history of nursing and key changes in nursing policy and practice from end of World War I to the Great Depression of the 1930s.

    Patricia Hanes discusses the development of nursing education in the United States from the founding of the first nursing school in the late 19th century to the Goldmark Report of 1923.

    Patricia Hanes discusses the history of nursing in World War II, where the roles of nurses developed significantly both in the military and on the homefront.

    Patricia Hanes discusses the history of nursing in the post-WWII, mid-20th century, including an increased demand for nursing specialties, education, and better working conditions to meet chronic shortages.

    Patricia Hanes discusses the history of nursing during the Vietnam War era and subsequent changes in the military nurse corps.

    Patricia Hanes discusses the changing face of nursing in the 1970s and 1980s and the impact of health insurance programs, hospital expansions, and the HIV/AIDS crisis.

    Patricia Hanes discusses the history of nursing in the late 20th century, including lifesaving innovations, the continuing AIDS epidemic, and a growing shortage of primary care physicians.

    Patricia Hanes discusses nursing in the 21st century and the development of new technologies and new challenges—from mapping the human genome through 9/11, H1N1, and unpredictable climate events.

  • Identifying and Reporting Abuse

    An overview of abuse types is given, and specific laws and guidelines are discussed pertaining to mandatory reporting. Techniques for identifying and reporting abuse are shared.

    An overview is given of guidelines and considerations for reporting child abuse, as well as the types of abuse nurses should report and indicators and consequences of child abuse.

    Elder abuse is defined, including how to recognise the signs of each type of abuse. Neglect and abandonment are described, and an overview of how to report elder abuse is given.

    A review is given of the different types of domestic abuse (physical, sexual, emotional, and financial) as well as laws nurses must be aware of and actions to take.

  • Leadership in Nursing

    Ruth Taylor and Brian Webster-Henderson discuss their reasoning for writing their book "Leadership in Nursing".

    Ruth Taylor and Brian Webster-Henderson discuss the key features of their book, The Essentials for Nursing Leadership.

    Ruth Taylor and Brian Webster-Henderson discuss the main messages of their book "Leadership in Nursing".

    Ruth Taylor and Brian Webster-Henderson discuss advice for nurse leaders, including listening, confidence, and skill development.

    Briannie Falconer, a nursing student, discusses her journey into nursing and thoughts on nursing leadership education.

    Brian Webster-Henderson, a professor of nursing and the dean of learning and teaching at Edinburgh Napier University, discusses his journey into nursing and experiences of leadership in nursing.

    Nursing student Louisa McGee discusses how she came to nursing and her experiences with leadership in clinical practice.

    Ruth Taylor describes her journey into nursing and experience as a leader in nursing.

    Stephen Tee discusses his work on patient involvement for the book "The Essentials of Nursing Leadership."

  • Lifespan Development

    Addressing and incorporating lifespan development as a holistic approach during nursing care is discussed.

    An overview is provided of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, and Freud's theory of psychosexual development.

    A review of the physical and cognitive milestones of neonates from birth to 4 weeks old, including newborn nursing assessments and considerations.

    An overview of the physical and cognitive milestones, and the psychosocial and psychosexual development, of infants from four weeks to one year is presented, including age-appropriate nursing considerations.

    A review is presented of the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development of toddlers from one to three years old, including age-appropriate nursing considerations.

    A review is presented of the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development of preschool children from three to five years old, including age-appropriate nursing activities for this age group.

    A review of the physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and psychosocial development of school-aged children from 6 to 12 years old, including age-appropriate nursing activities.

    A review of the physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and psychosocial development of adolescence from 13 to 17 years old, including an overview of nursing activities for this age group.

    A review of the physical, social-emotional, cognitive, and psychosocial development of young adults 18 to 25 years old, including nursing considerations for this age group.

    A review is given of the physical, social-emotional, cognitive, and psychosocial development of middle adults from 26 to 64 years, including a brief overview of nursing activities for this age group.

    A review of the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development of older adults aged 65 and above, including an overview of nursing activities for this age group.

  • Nursing in a Pandemic Affected World

    Kelsey Landrum, RN, discusses early career nursing in the post-Covid world, including communication and collaboration between healthcare staff, adaptions to nursing practices, and permanent effects of the pandemic.

    Kelsey Landrum, RN, discusses practical tips for working during the nursing shortage, including workload management strategies, prioritizing patient care, and the importance of self-care.

    Kelsey Landrum, RN, discusses shortcomings in nursing education, including differences between theoretical knowledge and practical experience, overcoming challenging expectations, and working with a preceptor.

  • Nursing Negligence

    The legal elements and common types of nursing negligence are presented in scenario format and discussed by attorney Daniel Giroux and registered nurse Nikki Lind.

    Practical steps to prevent acts of nursing negligence are presented, along with scenarios to test your understanding and followup critiques by attorney Daniel Giroux and registered nurse Nikki Lind.

  • Nursing Research

    Lovoria Williams, an associate professor at the University of Kentucky College of Nursing and director of membership for the Southern Nursing Research Society, discusses seven steps of the research process.

    Donna Scott Tilley, the vice provost for research at Texas Woman's University, discusses the formulation of a cohesive research problem, research question, and hypothesis for qualitative and for quantitative research.

    Pamela Ashcraft, associate professor at the University of Central Arkansas School of Nursing, discusses the differences between theoretical and conceptual frameworks and explains how to develop models for each.

    Mary Cazzell, PhD, RN, director of nursing research and evidence-based practice at Cook Children's Medical Center in Fort Worth, Texas, discusses ways to critique quantitative and qualitative research articles used for literature reviews and explains why this skill is important in evidence-based practice.

    Dr. Carolyn Miller Reilly discusses planning a nursing research study, including how the research process correlates with the established nursing process steps, why to develop a written research proposal, and what the the components of a written research proposal are.

    Lovoria Williams, associate professor at the University of Kentucky College of Nursing and the director of membership for the Southern Nursing Research Society, gives an overview of key research concepts and explains the difference between research and other types of information.

    Dr. Carolyn Miller Reilly discusses the theoretical basis and provides examples of interprofessional research collaboration.

    Dr. Carolyn Miller Reilly, PhD, RN,CHFN-K, CNE, FAHA, Emory University, discusses considerations in choosing the appropriate study to address a clinical research question.

    Trish Wright, PhD, MPH, RN, assistant professor and director of the PhD program for medical sciences at the University of Arkansas, discusses quantitative research design.

    Trish Wright, an assistant professor and director of the PhD program at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, discusses qualitative research designs and approaches.

    Pamela Ashcraft, associate professor at the University of Central Arkansas School of Nursing, provides an overview of mixed methods research, discussing advantages and challenges, outlining types of mixed methods designs, and giving basic examples of mixed methods research.

    Donna Scott Tilley, vice provost for research at Texas Woman's University, discusses the importance of ethical issues related to authorship and avoiding authorship disputes.

    Mary Cazzell, PhD, RN, director of nursing research and evidence-based practice at Cook Children's Medical Center in Fort Worth, Texas, discusses best practices for abstract and manuscript development for the dissemination of research findings.

    Mary Cazzell, director of nursing research and evidence-based practice at Cook Children's Medical Center, describes an example of using a step-by-step process of a specific evidence-based practice model, including how each step was applied in a large pediatric medical center setting.

    Mary Cazzell, director of nursing research and evidence-based practice at Cook Children's Medical Center in Fort Worth, Texas, discusses three current evidence-based practice models: advancing research and clinical practice through close collaboration (ARCC), Johns Hopkins nursing evidence-based practice model, and the Iowa model revised.

  • Nutrition for Nurses

    Nutrients are necessary for physical development and the maintenance and repair of body functions. An overview is presented of the six categories of nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.

    Different types of vitamins and their functions in the body are discussed, along with the importance of water, fluid balance, minerals, and electrolytes.

    Assessments for weight and body measurement are discussed, as well as nutritional status evaluation, assessment tools and tests, food safety, healthy eating, and strategies to combat obesity.

    The causes and treatment of eating disorders, malnutrition, and disease-related nutritional deficiencies are explored, including the psychological, biological, interpersonal, and cultural forces that contribute to or maintain them.

    The live stages relevant to nutrition are articulated, with the particular concerns for each laid out with examples of energy needs, food challenges, and health concerns.

    The correct way for nurses to administer nutritional support within the acute long-term and home care setting is discussed.

  • Occupational and Workplace Safety

    An overview of key considerations for worker safety in nursing is presented, including the importance of creating and maintaining a culture of workplace safety.

    The risks and safe handling of hazardous and infectious materials—including chemicals, radiation, and biohazardous waste—for nurses and other health care professionals are discussed.

    The risks and precautions nurses must take to protect themselves from bloodborne pathogens and biological and respiratory hazards are discussed.

    The risks and safe handling of hazardous chemicals, drugs, anesthetic gas, and radiation exposures for nurses and other health care professionals are discussed.

    Ergonomic hazards in a health care setting are discussed, including the precautions that nurses and other health care workers can take to ensure their patient's and their own physical safety.

    An explanation of equipment and fire safety for nurses is given, as well as the rights of health care workers.

  • Pediatrics: Approach to the Child and Family

    Simple tips and techniques to make a nurse's job easier while working with children and families are presented. By helping the parents remain calm and the patient comfortable, the interaction will be more effective.

    A review is presented of how to approach an infant and her parent in a health care clinic, including taking vital signs, blood pressure, assessing respiration, and communicating with parents.

    A scenario is presented showing how to approach a toddler with a history of respiratory distress.

    The method to approach a preschool age child and her parent. In this scenario, the child's parent brings her to her pediatrician's office because of a potential reaction or allergy to food.

    A demonstration is given of how to approach a school-aged child with special needs and her parent in a health care setting. In this scenario, her parent brought her to the hospital the night before with a complaint of vomiting.

    A scenario showing how to approach a 12-year-old pre-teen, who is experiencing sickle-cell pain crisis, and her parent in a health care setting.

    A demonstration of how to approach a 16-year-old teenage girl and her mother in a health setting. In this scenario, teen is brought to the emergency department with a facial laceration she suffered during a basketball game at school.

  • Pharmacology for Nurses

    An overview of pharmacology for nurses is provided, including the nurse's responsibilities, an explanation of how drugs are named, types of drugs, classification of drugs, maintaining a medication administration record, and the timing of medications.

    Ways medication are administered are discussed, including routes of entry, methods, and tools for delivery, as well as patient education on self-administration.

    The processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs are explained.

    The various methods of administering drugs are discussed, as well as ways of maintaining a therapeutic effect, drug–food interactions, and other factors affecting drug distribution and metabolism.

    The safe administration of medicine is reviewed, including the nursing process, five rights of medication administration, legal responsibilities, four common medication errors, and controlled substances.

  • Preventing Bloodborne Infections

    An introduction to bloodborne infections and an overview of three common bloodborne viruses—HIV, HBV and HCV—is presented, including common transmission routes inside and outside health care settings.

    An overview on preventing the transmission of bloodborne infections such as HIV, HBV and HCV is presented, including ways nurses can protect themselves in the health care setting.

    An overview of Occupational Safety and Health Administration mandated changes in engineering controls, or medical equipment, and work practice controls in preventing the transmission of bloodborne pathogens.

  • QSEN Competencies

    Professor of nursing practice and nursing research, California State University, Dr. Neomie Congello, PhD, MSN, RN, introduces and explains the importance of the quality and safety education for nurses (QSEN) competencies.

    Professor of nursing practice and nursing research, California State University, Dr. Neomie Congello, PhD, MSN, RN, discusses patient-centered care, the first of the six QSEN competencies.

    Professor of nursing practice and nursing research, California State University, Dr. Neomie Congello, PhD, MSN, RN, discusses teamwork and collaboration, the second of the six QSEN competencies.

    Professor of nursing practice and nursing research, California State University, Dr. Neomie Congello, PhD, MSN, RN, discusses evidence-based practice, the third of the six QSEN competencies.

    Professor of nursing practice and nursing research, California State University, Dr. Neomie Congello, PhD, MSN, RN, discusses quality improvement, the fourth of the six QSEN competencies.

    Professor of nursing practice and nursing research, California State University, Dr. Neomie Congello, PhD, MSN, RN, discusses safety, the fifth of the six QSEN competencies.

    Professor of nursing practice and nursing research, California State University, Dr. Neomie Congello, PhD, MSN, RN, discusses informatics, the last of the six QSEN competencies.

  • Quality Improvement

    A scenario of a quality improvement program in action, highlighting the ongoing process of review, problem identification, and goal setting to ensure the highest standards of medical care.

    Once a quality improvement program has been approved and a team leader selected, the problem being addressed by the program must be well-defined, and roles and responsibilities must be decided. This team selection phase is demonstrated.

    The next phase of the quality improvement cycle is discussed, using the distribution of antibiotics as an example. The process includes a review of issues, development of project goals, and the creation of a mission statement.

    A scenario is presented where a quality improvement team implements their project using the four-step Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) model, an approach often used in health care settings.

    A quality improvement team gather necessary charts and graphs to analyze the data gathered. These will be combined with other tools on a poster to illustrate the full scope of the problem being addressed by the team.

    A quality improvement project is implemented. Data must be gathered by the QI team in this phase.

    A scenario is presented of the final meeting of the quality improvement process to determine the success or failure of the program and to discuss sustaining and spreading of the program benefits.

  • Spiritual Nursing

    Associate professor Doreen Westera, RN, MScN, MEd, Memorial University, discusses nursing and spiritual care with the input of health and pastoral care professionals.

    Associate professor Doreen Westera, RN, MScN, MEd, Memorial University, discusses many aspects involved in the spiritual care of nursing practice, as exemplified by the experience of critical care nurse Robyn Noseworthy.

    Associate professor Doreen Westera, Memorial University, discusses, and the Dawe family illustrate, how using a strength-based approach to patient care can foster resilience in health crises.

    Associate professor Doreen Westera, RN, MScN, MEd, Memorial University illustrates, with the differing responses of three people, the importance of spiritual assessment for improved understanding of clients and more accurate care.

    Associate professor Doreen Westera, RN, MScN, MEd, Memorial University, discusses spirituality in the context of nursing, with the input of pastoral care educators, Reverends, and members of the artistic community.

  • The Economics of Health Care Delivery

    Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD, explains the historical development and the underlying structure of the health care system in the United States.

    Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD, discusses the history of the creation and proliferation of health insurance in America.

    Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD, describes the history of Medicare and Medicaid.

    Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD, introduces the complexities and functioning of health care insurance system in the United States.

    Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD, explains the structure and functioning of the health insurance system in the United States.

    Ezekiel J. Emanuel explains the complexity of the US healthcare system and the history of Medicare.

    Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD explains the function of Medicaid, the government program that gives health coverage to people who are poor, and CHIP, or Children's Health Insurance Program.

    Guy David, PhD, discusses the main areas of focus for health care policy and the tensions that exist between those areas, represented by the iron triangle of health care.

    Guy David, PhD, discusses the sensitivity of physician decision-making to the way they are paid, including problems associated with fee-for-service and capitation payment plans and suggested solutions.

    Guy David, PhD, discusses health insurance plans, including key components, essential health benefits, and the three major health care plans.

    Guy David, of the University of Pennsylvania, discusses risk aversion and the decision-making process of risk-averse individuals.

    Guy David, of the University of Pennsylvania, discusses and provides examples of asymmetric information, moral hazard, and ways to mitigate and solve the moral hazard problem.

    Guy David, PhD, discusses the impact of common cost-sharing arrangements (deductibles, coinsurance, and co-pays) on health care insurance and medical care consumption.

    Guy David, PhD, discusses health insurance premiums, policy loading fees, and the benefits of employer-based health insurance.

    Guy David, PhD, discusses health insurance and adverse selection, including, conditions leading to the death spiral effect, risk aversion, and four solutions to the adverse selection problem.

    Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD, discusses the role of hospitals in the United States, including the complexity of payment rates, and how hospitals adjust the payer mix to maximize profit.

    Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD, examines the roles of doctors and nurses in the healthcare system, including types of physicians and nurses, pay scales, and current challenges.

    Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD discusses the different types of health care providers and regulators outside of the typical hospitals, doctors, and nurses. This includes home care providers, dialysis facilities, hospices, and pharmaceutical companies.

    Guy David, PhD, discusses the health care value chain, physician's role at its center, and the resulting problem of supplier-induced demand, or physician agency.

    Guy David, PhD, provides an overview of the history of hospitals and hospital care in the United States, and discusses the more recent decline in hospital beds.

    Guy David, PhD, continues the discussion on the decline in hospital beds during the last few decades in consideration of three trends: an increase in occupancy, a decrease in average length of stay, and a decrease in the number of inpatient admissions.

    Guy David, PhD, discusses hospital profitability and the theoretical practice of cost-shifting, including factors that also affect profitability: price discrimination, payment-cost ratios, and cost-cutting methods.

    Guy David, PhD, discusses cross subsidization as a method to increase hospital profitability, including how it is practiced in other industries, and research showing how cross subsidization affects unprofitable services like trauma care and substance abuse recovery.

    Guy David, PhD, discusses post-acute care, post-acute care facilities and home care, and the differing costs of types of post-acute care.

    Guy David, PhD, discusses the role of hospice care in the healthcare system, as well as payment structures for hospice care.

    Guy David, PhD, discusses the vertical integration of health care providers that exist along the care continuum, including relationships between hospitals, primary care practices, home health agencies, and hospice.

    Guy David, PhD, introduces the three categories of government intervention in health care and discusses the Certificate of Need legislation of 1974 as an example of failed government regulation.

    Guy David, PhD, discusses antitrust regulations as a measure to control corporate power and promote fair competition for the benefit of consumers, including the Sherman Act (1880), the Clayton Act (1914), and the Federal Trade Commission Act (1914).

  • The Nursing Process

    An overview of evidence-based nursing practice, including several vignettes of interactions between a nurse and a patient with high blood pressure to illustrate the process.

    Critical thinking in the nursing process is illustrated through 12 vignettes that follow Leah, a nursing student, and her colleagues as they care for Scott, a chronically ill patient.

    The five steps of nursing process are defined and then illustrated through a series of vignettes.

    The application of nursing theory to practice is illustrated by a series of vignettes that show nursing theory-based decision making and critical thinking during the nursing process.

  • Wound Care

    An overview of types of wounds is given, and the stages involved in wound healing are explained, as well as the types of wound healing and the factors that may impede recovery from these lesions.

    The process of assessing a patient with a wound is explained, including the evaluation of physical, psychosocial, and local factors to determine if there are barriers to wound healing.

    The assessment and documentation of wounds based on location, shape, size, color, exudation, odor, and pain assessment are presented, including common wound complications.

    The two types of wounds, acute and chronic, are discussed. Risk factors, assessment tools, and possible complications are reviewed.

    An overview is presented of causes, classifications, complications, and prevention of two common types of chronic wounds—arterial wounds and wounds associated with diabetes.