[MUSIC PLAYING][Democratization]

CEDRIC DE LEON: Democratization is sort of a mouthful,but you can understand it as democratic changeor democratic reform, right?And there are different kinds of democratic changeand democratic reform.You have a large-scale democratic reform,which is a transition from authoritarianismlike a dictatorship, like Hitler's dictatorship,

CEDRIC DE LEON [continued]: Mussolini's dictatorship to a democratic society in whichpeople have a say in the kinds of policies thatget enacted by the government.But then there are also democratic expansionsin which, for example, a sector of the population

CEDRIC DE LEON [continued]: gain the right to vote for the first time.So we can think about women at the turn of the 20th century,of unpropertied working people in Britain in the early partof the 20th century, of black people in the United Statesgaining the right to vote for the first timewith the 1965 Voting Rights Act.

CEDRIC DE LEON [continued]: All of those are examples of democratic changeor democratic reform that a comparative historicalsociologist would study.[MUSIC PLAYING]