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Madagascar
The island nation of Madagascar is located in the Indian Ocean 400 kilometers off the eastern coast of southern Africa. Madagascar is crossed by the Tropic of Capricorn and is separated by the Mozambique Channel from the mainland of Africa. The population is 22.9 million, who primarily speak Malagasy and French. The country’s currency is the Malagasy ariary.
History and Geography
Madagascar was a part of the ancient supercontinent of Gondwana at the end of the Proterozoic Eon. When the land broke apart, Madagascar separated from Gondwana. Isolated from Africa for 160 million years, Madagascar is the fourth largest island in the world with over 5,000 kilometers of coastline. Stretching 1,580 kilometers from north to south and 580 kilometers from east to west at its widest part, ...
- Communication and Marketing
- Advertising and Marketing
- Big Data and Tourism
- Brand Management
- Channels of Distribution
- Communication Networks
- Customer Service in Service Businesses
- Demand Side Tourism Sectors
- Duty-Free Sales
- Early Bird Discounts
- Elements of a Marketing Plan in Travel and Tourism
- Familiarization (FAM) Trip
- ITB Berlin
- Loyalty Schemes
- Market Segmentation
- National Tourism Offices
- New Trends in Travel Marketing
- Place-Branding in Tourism
- Psychology of Travel
- Social Media and Networking
- Travel and Tourism Research Journals
- Travel Blogs
- Travel Guides
- Travel Technology
- Travel Writers
- Weather and Seasonal Pricing
- Culture and Heritage
- Acculturation
- Agritourism
- Airport Art and Uniqueness of Place
- Anthropology of Tourism
- Architecture and Tourism
- Authenticity
- Commodification of Culture
- Culinary Tourism
- Cultural Tourism
- Culture Shock
- Demonstration Effect
- Educational Tourism
- Ethnic Tourism
- Farm Tourism
- Flight Attendants: History and Culture
- Geography of Light and Landscape in Travel
- Heritage Tourism
- Historic Houses Association
- History of Travel and Tourism
- Homestay Tourism
- Hosts and Guests
- Indigenous Tourism
- International Student Travel
- International Tourism
- Language of Tourism
- Leisure Travel, Sociology of
- Local Handicrafts
- Museums
- National Trust for Historic Preservation
- Religion and Tourism
- Religious Tourism
- Rural Planning and Development for Tourism
- Rural Tourism
- Shopping and Tourism
- Sightseeing
- Sociocultural Issues Related to Tourism
- Souvenirs and Tourism
- Tourism and the Arts
- Visiting Family and Friends Tourism
- Wine Tourism
- Wine Tourism, New World Wines, Australia/New Zealand
- Wine Tourism, New World Wines, China
- Wine Tourism, New World Wines, South Africa
- Wine Tourism, New World Wines, South America
- Wine Tourism, New World Wines, U.S.
- Wine Tourism, Old World Wines, Europe
- Wonders of the World, Old and New
- World Heritage Sites
- Destinations
- Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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- Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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- Australia
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- Bahrain
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- Moldova
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- Moscow, Russia
- Mozambique
- Mumbai, India
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- Myanmar
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- Nepal
- Netherlands, The
- New York City, United States
- New Zealand
- Niagara Falls
- Nicaragua
- Nice, France
- Niger
- Nigeria
- Norway
- Orlando, United States
- Pakistan
- Palau
- Palestine
- Panama
- Papua New Guinea
- Paris, France
- Pattaya, Thailand
- Peru
- Philippines
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- Poland
- Portugal
- Punta Cana, Dominican Republic
- Qatar
- Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Romania
- Russia
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Saint Lucia
- Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Samoa
- San Marino
- Saudi Arabia
- Seoul, South Korea
- Serbia and Montenegro
- Seychelles
- Shanghai, China
- Shenzhen, China
- Sierra Leone
- Singapore
- Sofia, Bulgaria
- Solomon Islands
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- South Africa
- Spain
- Sri Lanka
- Suriname
- Swaziland
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Syria
- Taipei, Taiwan
- Tajikistan
- Tanzania
- Thailand
- Timor-Leste
- Tokyo, Japan
- Trinidad and Tobago
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- Uganda
- Ukraine
- United Arab Emirates
- United Kingdom
- Uzbekistan
- Vancouver, Canada
- Vanuatu
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- Vienna, Austria
- Vietnam
- Warsaw, Poland
- Yemen
- Zimbabwe
- Environment, Economy, and Society
- Acculturation
- Alternative Tourism
- Anthropology of Tourism
- Authenticity
- Balance of Payments
- BRICS Countries
- Brundtland Report
- Carbon Offsets
- Carrying Capacity: Environmental
- Carrying Capacity: Physical
- Carrying Capacity: Sociocultural
- Cittaslow
- Climate Change
- Commodification of Culture
- Cost-Benefit Analysis
- Culture Shock
- Demonstration Effect
- Earth Summit
- Economics of Tourism
- Ecotourism
- Environmental Impacts of Tourism
- Environmental Impacts of Travel
- Environmental Policies
- Exchange Rates
- Externalities
- Geotourism
- Greenwashing
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Tourism
- Hard and Soft Tourism
- Hiking/Walking Tourism
- Hosts and Guests
- International Ecotourism Society, The
- International Relations and Tourism
- Leisure Travel, Sociology of
- Local Handicrafts
- Mass Tourism
- Mixed-Use Development
- Natural Disasters
- Nature Reserves
- Olympic Games and Their Impacts
- Politics and Tourism
- Pro-Poor Tourism
- Recreation and Leisure
- Repatriation of Currency
- Rio+20
- Seasonality and Tourism
- Second Home Ownership
- Sex Tourism
- Shopping and Tourism
- Ski Tourism, Europe
- Ski Tourism, U.S.
- Slow Tourism
- Slum Tourism
- Social Tourism
- Sociocultural Issues Related to Tourism
- Souvenirs and Tourism
- Staycation Tourism
- Sustainable Development
- Sustainable Tourism
- Tourism and the Arts
- Tourism and the Millennium Development Goals
- Tourism Development
- Tourism Ethics and Codes of Conduct
- Tourism Multiplier
- Tourism Planning
- Tourism Policies
- Tourism Satellite Accounts
- Tourism Statistics
- Travel and Tourism’s Most Pressing Issues for the 21st Century
- Travel Trends in Africa
- Travel Trends in Asia & Pacific
- Travel Trends in the Middle East
- Triple Bottom Line
- UN-Habitat
- Urban Planning and Development for Tourism
- Vacation Days and Impact on Travel
- Visitor Management
- Volatility of Tourism
- Voluntourism
- Walking Tours
- World Summit
- Worldmaking and the Representation of Peoples and Places in/Through Tourism
- Intermediaries
- Law and Ethics
- Operations
- Organizations
- Air Traffic Control
- Airlines Reporting Corporation
- American Automobile Association
- Brundtland Report
- Caribbean Tourism Organization
- Civil Aeronautics Board
- Convention and Visitors Bureaus
- Cruise Lines International Association
- Earth Summit
- European Travel Commission
- European Union and Travel Implications
- Federal Aviation Administration
- Historic Houses Association
- International Air Transport Association
- International Ecotourism Society, The
- International Society of Travel and Tourism Educators
- National Tourism Offices
- National Transportation Safety Board
- National Trust for Historic Preservation
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- Pacific Asia Travel Association
- Rio+20
- Travel and Tourism Research Association
- UN-Habitat
- World Health Organization
- World Heritage Sites
- World Summit
- Policy, Planning, and Development
- Accessibility Issues in Travel and Tourism
- Airport Trends
- Architecture and Tourism
- BRICS Countries
- Butler’s Tourism Area Life Cycle and Its Expansion to the Creative Economy
- Cittaslow
- Cohen’s Model of Typologies of Tourists
- Demand Side Tourism Sectors
- Destination Management
- Destination Management Companies
- Environmental Policies
- European Union and Travel Implications
- Infrastructure and Superstructure
- International Relations and Tourism
- Mixed-Use Development
- Olympic Games and Their Impacts
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- Plog’s Model of Typologies of Tourists
- Politics and Tourism
- Regulation and Deregulation
- Resort Development Planning
- Rural Planning and Development for Tourism
- Seasonality and Tourism
- Second Home Ownership
- Smart Tourism and Smart Destinations
- Stakeholder Analysis
- Supply and Demand
- Sustainable Development
- SWOT Analysis
- Tourism and the Millennium Development Goals
- Tourism Development
- Tourism Planning
- Tourism Policies
- Tourism Research
- Tourism Resources
- Tourism System, The
- Tourist Attractions
- Transportation and Infrastructure Issues in the Developing World
- Travel and Tourism’s Most Pressing Issues for the 21st Century
- Travel Trends in Africa
- Travel Trends in Asia & Pacific
- Travel Trends in the Middle East
- Triple Bottom Line
- Urban Planning and Development for Tourism
- Visa Waiver Programs
- Visitor Management
- Volatility of Tourism
- Weather and Seasonal Pricing
- Worldmaking and the Representation of Peoples and Places in/Through Tourism
- Research
- Balance of Payments
- Big Data and Tourism
- Butler’s Tourism Area Life Cycle and Its Expansion to the Creative Economy
- Carrying Capacity: Environmental
- Carrying Capacity: Physical
- Carrying Capacity: Sociocultural
- Cohen’s Model of Typologies of Tourists
- Cost-Benefit Analysis
- Defining Travel and Tourism
- Economics of Tourism
- Environmental Impacts of Tourism
- Environmental Impacts of Travel
- Externalities
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Tourism
- History of Travel and Tourism
- International Society of Travel and Tourism Educators
- Plog’s Model of Typologies of Tourists
- Psychology of Travel
- Qualitative Tourism Research
- Quantitative Tourism Research
- Repatriation of Currency
- Research Tourism
- Stakeholder Analysis
- Supply and Demand
- SWOT Analysis
- Tourism Multiplier
- Tourism Research
- Tourism Resources
- Tourism Satellite Accounts
- Tourism Statistics
- Tourism System, The
- Travel and Tourism Research Association
- Travel and Tourism Research Journals
- Safety
- Technology
- Advertising and Marketing
- Body Scanners in Airports
- Channels of Distribution
- Communication Networks
- Computerized Reservation Systems
- E-Tickets
- E-Tourism
- Global Positioning System
- New Trends in Travel Marketing
- Radio Frequency Identification
- Safety Management Systems
- Smart Tourism and Smart Destinations
- Social Media and Networking
- Travel Blogs
- Travel Technology
- Virtual Reality Tourism
- Tourism Resources
- Accommodations, Types of
- Airbnb
- Careers in Travel and Tourism
- Cell Phones and International Travel
- Children, Traveling With
- Currency, Traveler’s Checks, and Credit Cards
- Defining Travel and Tourism
- Food and Beverage Establishments, Types of
- Global Positioning System
- International Driving Permit
- Passports
- Pets, Traveling With
- Professional Certifications, Event Planners
- Professional Certifications, Travel Agents
- Timeshare Ownership
- Tourist Attractions
- Travel Apparel
- Travel Insurance
- Youth Hostels
- Tourism, Types of
- Adventure Tourism
- Agritourism
- Alternative Tourism
- Arctic Tourism
- Backpacker Tourism
- Beach Tourism
- Bicycle Tourism
- Birth Tourism
- Business Tourism
- Campers, RVs, and Motor Homes
- Camping Tourism
- Casino Tourism, Asia & Pacific
- Casino Tourism, U.S.
- City Tours
- Corporate Travel
- Cruise Tourism
- Culinary Tourism
- Cultural Tourism
- Dark Tourism
- Day-Tripper Tourism
- Domestic Tourism
- Ecotourism
- Educational Tourism
- Enclave Tourism
- Ethnic Tourism
- Extreme Tourism
- Fair and Festival Tourism
- Farm Tourism
- Film- and Media-Induced Tourism
- Game Park Tourism
- Garden Tourism
- Geotourism
- Glamping Tourism
- Golf Tourism
- Hard and Soft Tourism
- Heritage Tourism
- Hiking/Walking Tourism
- Homestay Tourism
- Hot-Air Balloon Tours
- Incentive Travel
- Indigenous Tourism
- International Student Travel
- International Tourism
- Leisure Tourism, Serious
- LGBT Tourism
- Lifestyle Tourism
- Marijuana Tourism
- Mass Tourism
- Medical Tourism
- Meetings and Conventions Tourism
- Multigenerational Tourism
- Niche Tourism
- Pro-Poor Tourism
- Religious Tourism
- Research Tourism
- Rural Tourism
- Sex Tourism
- Sightseeing
- Ski Tourism, Europe
- Ski Tourism, U.S.
- Slow Tourism
- Slow Travel
- Slum Tourism
- Social Tourism
- Spa Tourism
- Space Tourism
- Special Event Tourism
- Special Interest Tourism
- Sports Tourism
- Spring Break Tourism
- Staycation Tourism
- Sustainable Tourism
- Theme Park Tourism
- Timeshare Ownership
- Virtual Reality Tourism
- Visiting Family and Friends Tourism
- Voluntourism
- Walking Tours
- Water Park Tourism
- Wedding Tourism
- Wellness Tourism
- Wildlife Tourism
- Wine Tourism
- Wine Tourism, New World Wines, Australia/New Zealand
- Wine Tourism, New World Wines, China
- Wine Tourism, New World Wines, South Africa
- Wine Tourism, New World Wines, South America
- Wine Tourism, New World Wines, U.S.
- Wine Tourism, Old World Wines, Europe
- Wonders of the World, Old and New
- Transportation
- Air Flight Plan, Flight Path, and Flight Recorder
- Air Traffic Control
- Airline Cost Structure
- Airline Hub-and-Spoke System
- Airline Passenger Bill of Rights
- Airline Travel
- Airlines Reporting Corporation
- Airport Art and Uniqueness of Place
- Airport Trends
- Airports
- Airports in the United States
- Aviation English
- Baggage
- Bicycle Tourism
- Body Scanners in Airports
- Bus and Coach Operators
- Bus Travel, Africa
- Bus Travel, Europe
- Bus Travel, Middle East
- Bus Travel, North and South America
- Campers, RVs, and Motor Homes
- Car Rental Companies
- Civil Aeronautics Board
- Commuter Airline
- Cruise Lines
- Cruise Lines International Association
- Cruise Port
- Cruise Tourism
- E-Tickets
- Federal Aviation Administration
- Ferries
- Highway/Freeway System, Africa
- Highway/Freeway System, Australia
- Highway/Freeway System, China
- Highway/Freeway System, Europe
- Highway/Freeway System, Japan
- Highway/Freeway System, Mexico
- Highway/Freeway System, U.S.
- Hijacking
- In-Flight Amenities
- International Air Transport Association
- International Driving Permit
- Legacy Air Carriers, History of
- Low-Cost Air Carriers
- Maglev Trains
- National Transportation Safety Board
- Passenger Air Tariff
- Priority Boarding
- Rail Travel, Asia & Pacific
- Rail Travel, Europe
- Regulation and Deregulation
- Ship Travel
- Slow Travel
- Transportation and Infrastructure Issues in the Developing World
- Transportation Security Administration
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