Kosovo is a small country in southeastern Europe that borders Serbia, Macedonia, Albania, and Montenegro. Kosovo’s population was estimated to be 1.8 million in the 2016 census, in which the Serbian minority refused to participate. Other ethnicities besides majority ethnic Albanians are Serb, Turkish, Bosniak, Gorani, and Roma. Since the end of the 20th century, Kosovo has experienced a rapid increase in media developments. Before further discussing media in Kosovo, this entry reviews the history of Kosovo as well as some characteristics of Kosovar society.