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Belarus
Belarus is a country in Eastern Europe with a population of about 9.5 million. Its primary ethnic group is Belarusian, with substantial numbers of inhabitants of Russian, Polish, and Ukrainian origin. Its official languages are Russian and Belarusian. This entry first discusses the Belarus media infrastructure and government policy on media in Belarus. It then looks at the print media; radio, television, and film industries; and online media in Belarus.
Infrastructure
Unlike in other post-Soviet states after the breakup of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s, Belarus left in place state control and ownership over most national media. The main radio and television infrastructure of Belarus is governed by the National State TV and Radio Company, which operated during the Soviet times. It consists of ...
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- Radio, History and Economics of
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- Transnational Media Corporations
- Unfair Trade Practices
- Vertical Integration
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- Action for Children’s Television
- Addiction
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- Audiences
- Body Image in Mass Media
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- Culture Jamming
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- European Union Culture Preservation Initiative
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- Media Literacy
- Media Spectacle
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- Nerd Culture
- One Laptop per Child
- Online Predators
- Online Speech, Restrictions on
- Photography
- Political Mass Media
- Pornography
- Problematic Interactive Media Use
- Propaganda
- Propaganda, Theories of
- Public Diplomacy
- Public Relations Society of America Code of Ethics
- Representation
- Senior Citizens and the Internet
- Sexual Harassment Online
- Social Inclusion Through Technology
- Social Justice
- Social Network Analysis
- Terrorism, Media Depictions of
- War Coverage and Wartime Mass Media
- Whistleblowing
- Film
- African American Characters on Television and in the Movies
- Animation
- Auteur
- Blockbusters
- Bollywood
- Children’s Movies
- Documentary Media
- Female Characters on Television and in the Movies
- Film Production
- LGBTQ Characters on Television and in the Movies
- Motion Picture Association of America
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- Movies, History and Economics of
- Nollywood
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- SAG-AFTRA
- Screenwriting, Film
- Sound Effects
- Special Effects
- Studio System
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- History of Media
- Journalism and News
- Celebrities
- Citizen Journalism
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- Interviewing
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- Magazine Journalism
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- Worlds of Journalism Study
- Law and Policy
- New York Times v. Sullivan
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- Adelphi Charter
- Advertising Regulations
- Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984
- Canada’s Anti-Spam Legislation
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- CAN-SPAM Act
- Censorship
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- Communications Act of 1934
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- Digital Rights Management
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- Federal Communications Commission, U.S.
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- Libel Tourism
- Literary Property
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- Prior Restraint
- Radio Act of 1927
- Self-Regulation
- Shield Laws
- Telecommunications Act of 1993, Canada
- Telecommunications Act of 1996, U.S.
- Media Channels
- Online Media
- Avatars
- Blogs and Bloggers
- Bookmarking
- Celebrities
- Comics
- Content Moderation
- Cyberbullying
- Cyberculture
- Diasporic Communities and Social Media
- Digital Media and Health
- Digital Media Ethics
- Digital Piracy
- Digital Revolution
- Humor
- Interactive Media
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- Internet Society
- Internet, History and Economics of
- Lurking
- Magazine Websites
- Massively Multiplayer Online Gaming
- Meme
- Mobile Media
- MOOCs
- Multimedia
- Music Videos
- Neurodiverse Websites
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- Online News Sites
- Online Speech, Restrictions on
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- Podcasting
- Radio, Online
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- RSS Reader
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- Senior Citizens and the Internet
- Sexual Harassment Online
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- Streaming Media
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- User-Generated Media
- Video Editing
- Video Games
- Videography
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- Wikipedia
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- Print Media
- Backlist and Frontlist
- Book Publishing
- Book Publishing, History and Economics of
- Broadsheet Newspapers
- Children’s Magazines
- Comics
- Educational Radio
- Free Newspapers
- Graphic Design
- Graphic Novels
- LGBTQ Magazines
- LGBTQ Newspapers
- LGBTQ Radio Programming
- Magazine Journalism
- Magazines, History of
- Men’s Magazines
- NewsGuild
- Newspaper Journalism
- Newspaper Publishing
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- Photography
- Pirate Radio
- Printing Press
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- Business Wire
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- iHeartMedia
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- Kuwait News Agency
- Māori Television
- Myspace
- Naspers
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- Netflix
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- Pakistan Television Corporation
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- Private Media Group
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- Star India
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- Tencent
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- United Press International
- Vatican Radio
- Voice of America
- Walt Disney Company
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- Alterity
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- Labelling Theory
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- Listening
- Marxist and Neo-Marxist Theories
- Mass Psychology
- Mass Society Theory of Media Influence
- Media Echo Chamber
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- Mediated Culture
- Mediatization
- Medium
- Models of Communication
- Modernism
- Moral Relativity
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- Nihilism
- Norms
- Objectivity
- Observational Research
- Obstinate Audience Theory
- One-Step Flow Theory
- Opinion Leaders and Followers
- Paradigm Shift
- Parasocial Interaction
- Participatory Action Research
- Perception
- Political Communication
- Political Economy of Communication
- Posthumanism
- Postmodernism
- Priming
- Propaganda
- Propaganda, Theories of
- Psychoanalytic Theory
- Psychographics
- Rhetorical Analysis
- Ritual View
- Science Communication
- Selective Exposure, Perception, and Retention
- Semiotic Theory
- Simulacrum
- SMCR Model
- Social Authority Building
- Social Cognitive Theory
- Social Construction of Reality
- Spiral of Silence
- Strategic Communication
- Structuralism
- Subjectivity
- Survey Research
- Transmission View
- Two-Step Flow Theory
- Uses and Gratifications Theory
- Music
- Organizations
- Adbusters
- Alliance for Audited Media
- American Civil Liberties Union
- American Copy Editors Society
- American Forces Network
- American Press Institute
- American Society of News Editors
- Association for Women in Communications
- Broadcast Education Association
- Center for Digital Democracy
- Center for Media and Public Affairs
- Center for the Book
- Center on Media and Child Health
- Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies
- Centre for Digital Cultures
- European Alliance of News Agencies
- Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media
- Institute of Communication and Media Studies
- International Association of Business Communicators
- International Federation of Journalists
- International Women’s Media Foundation
- Internet Association
- Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
- Internet Protocol Television
- Magazines Canada
- Motion Picture Association of America
- National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences
- National Association for Multi-ethnicity in Communications
- National Association of Black Journalists
- National Endowment for the Arts
- National Film Board of Canada
- National Press Photographers Association
- National Press Photographers Association Code of Ethics
- National Union of Journalists
- NLGJA: The Association of LGBTQ Journalists
- Paley Center for Media
- Press Trust of India
- Public Relations Society of America
- Public Relations Society of America Code of Ethics
- Recording Industry Association of America
- Reporters Without Borders
- SAG-AFTRA
- Society of Environmental Journalists
- Society of Professional Journalists
- World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers
- Race and Ethnicity
- Chicago Defender
- Aboriginal Peoples Television Network
- African American Characters on Television and in the Movies
- African American Magazines
- African American Newspapers
- African American Radio Programming
- African American Television Programming
- Asian American Magazines
- Asian American Movies
- Asian American Newspapers
- Asian American Radio Programming
- Asian American Television Programming
- Hispanic Movies
- Hispanic Newspapers
- Hispanic Radio Programming
- Hispanic Television Programming
- Māori Television
- Native American Movies
- Native American Newspapers
- Native American Radio Programming
- Native American Television Programming
- Technology
- Analog and Digital Communications
- Application Programming Interface
- Apps
- Artificial Intelligence
- Audio Editing
- Autonomous Moral Agent
- Avatars
- BitTorrent
- Blu-ray Discs
- Bookmarking
- Cassette Tapes
- Compact Discs
- Computer Networks
- Computers, History and Economics of
- Cyberbullying
- Cyberculture
- Data Journalism
- Diasporic Communities and Social Media
- Digital Media and Health
- Digital Media Ethics
- Digital Piracy
- Digital Revolution
- Digital Rights Management
- Drone Journalism
- Dubbing
- DVDs
- e-Commerce
- Educational Technology
- Emergency Notification Systems
- Emoticons and Emojis
- e-Sports
- Freeware
- Global Digital Divide
- Hacking
- Hacktivism
- HTML and CSS
- Hypertext and Hypermedia
- Integrated Circuit
- Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
- Internet Security
- Internet Society
- Internet, History and Economics of
- Meme
- Mobile Media
- MP3 Players
- Multimedia
- One Laptop per Child
- Peer-to-Peer File Sharing
- Peer-to-Peer Payment Systems
- Podcasting
- Really Simple Syndication
- RFID Chip
- RSS Reader
- Search Engine Optimization
- Search Engines
- Sexting
- Silicon Alley
- Silicon Valley
- SlideShare
- Social Inclusion Through Technology
- Software
- Tag Cloud
- Tape Recorders
- Technology Development, Influence on Mass Media
- Tencent
- TiVo
- Web Browsers
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