Court-mandated clients, also referred to as “involuntary clients,” are individuals who are required by the courts to attend counseling. These individuals have legally sanctioned relationships with counselors, case managers, social workers, and other individuals providing services within the spectrum of human services, individual, family, and marriage counseling. Court-mandated clients can have legal sanctions with the criminal justice, child welfare, and mental health systems and can be adults, children, or adolescents. The mandates are imposed by the human service agency involved with the individual and may result in heightened client resistance. Several studies have suggested that mandated clients are more resistant to treatment than voluntary clients. Psychologist Carlos DiClemente suggested that resistance in treatment is the result of client reluctance, rebellion, resignation, and rationalization. Mandated treatment ...