Otitis media (OM) is an inflammation of the middle ear space that commonly and primarily affects young children. The two major forms are acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME). OM is a leading reason for visits to pediatric health care providers and is the most common reason for children to receive antibiotics or surgery. Moreover, OM has been implicated in hearing, speech, language, and other functional disorders. This entry offers an overview of the two types of OM and discusses the sequelae of this condition, as well as recommended treatments.