Since the beginning of the 21st century there has been keen interest by politicians, environmentalists, businesses, and academics in the rise of Africa. For politicians, one reason seems to be democratization. The first decade was marked by democratic processes that facilitated political stability. Environmentalists are concerned about the environmental degradation of the once pristine natural ecosystem. Businesses, typified by multinational corporations, are also interested in not only the economic progress but also the large market and natural resources of Africa. Collectively, African countries have the largest reserves of mineral deposits, some of which keep the economic wheel of the globe spinning. Africa has more than 1 billion people and a combined total gross domestic product (GDP) of about $1.6 trillion (about same as Brazil or ...

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