Erik Erikson (1902–1994) was a developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst, known for his theory of psychosocial development. He is credited [Page 723]with the idea of an identity crisis, in which a person must resolve a conflict (or face a crisis) in order to develop psychological traits important to that stage of life. Erikson’s theory has been critical to an understanding of childhood as a significant factor in identity development throughout the life span. This entry examines Erikson’s early life and career, his theory of psychosocial development, and surveys some critiques of this theory.