Summary
Contents
Reader's guide
Entries A-Z
Subject index
The Encyclopedia of African Cultural Heritage in North America provides an accessible ready reference on the retention and continuity of African culture within the United States. Our conceptual framework holds, first, that culture is a form of self-knowledge and knowledge about self in the world as transmitted from one person to another. Second, that African people continuously create their own cultural history as they move through time and space. Third, that African descended people living outside of Africa are also contributors to and participate in the creation of African cultural history. Entries focus on illuminating Africanisms (cultural retentions traceable to an African origin) and cultural continuities (ongoing practices and processes through which African culture continues to be created and formed). Thus, the focus is more culturally specific and less concerned with the broader transatlantic demographic, political and geographic issues that are the focus of similar recent reference works. We also focus less on biographies of individuals and political and economic ties and more on processes and manifestations of African cultural heritage and continuity. FEATURES: • A two-volume A-to-Z work, available in a choice of print or electronic formats • 350 signed entries, each concluding with Cross-references and Further Readings • 150 figures and photos • Front matter consisting of an Introduction and a Reader’s Guide organizing entries thematically to more easily guide users to related entries • Back matter consisting of a comprehensive Annotated Bibliography and an appendix utilizing material from African Reflections on the American Landscape, a publication produced by the National Park Service • Signed articles concluding with cross-references
- Adornments and Decorations
- Agricultural and Utilitarian Technologies
- African Crops and Food Traditions in North America
- African Origins of Soul Food: Cuisines and Food Preparation
- Basketry in the Gullah Sea Islands of South Carolina
- Ceramic Traditions, African American
- Dyeing Technology
- Food Crops, Exchange of Between Africa and the Americas
- Food Cultivation
- Indigo Technology, African Influences on
- Metallurgy
- Quilting and Textile Patterns
- Quilts and Quilting
- Shotgun Houses
- Arts and Aesthetics
- Gele (Head Wrap)
- Nzuri Model of African Aesthetics
- African Aesthetic, The
- African Dance
- African Hair Combs
- African Influences on African American Art and Artists
- African Influences on North American Fashion: Historic and Contemporary
- Beauty as a Concept
- Blues Aesthetic, The
- Blues, African Heritage of
- Dance Culture
- Dance in African Societies, Role of
- Dancehall
- Dobale
- Drums and Drumming Styles
- Drums, Roles of
- Dunham Technique, The
- Fanga
- Griots, Rappers, and Deejays
- Hairstyles, Traditional African
- Hip-Hop and Other Spoken Messages in the Music of the African Diaspora
- Hip-Hop as Re-Africanization
- Hip-Hop Dance Formations and the Jazz Continuum
- Hollow Log Drums
- Initiation of North American Drummers Into African Drumming Traditions
- Jazz
- Jazz Heritage, Preservation of
- Jonkannu
- Locking
- Mardi Gras Indians: Ideological Transition in African American Art
- Mardi Gras Indians: Ritual Drama and Tri-Cultural Heritage
- Masks and Masking
- Neo-Traditional African Dance
- New Orleans Jazz Culture, African Pedagogical Retentions in
- Popular Dances of Congo Square, New Orleans
- Quilting and Textile Patterns
- Quilts and Quilting
- Reggae
- Ring Shout
- Role of Dance: Aesthetics and Metaphysics
- Slave Culture and the Development of Black Popular Culture
- Sorrow Songs: An Early Form of the Blues
- Stepping
- Umfundalai Dance Technique
- Ceremonies, Festivals, and Rituals
- Communities and Populations
- African Canadian Experience, Historical and Cultural Overview
- African Canadian History
- African Diaspora in Mexico
- African Diaspora Participatory Literacy Communities
- African Nova Scotians
- Africans and Seminoles
- Africatown, Alabama
- Africville, Nova Scotia
- Freedom Colonies: Independent African American Communities in Post–Civil War Texas
- Gaspar Yanga Maroon Society, Veracruz, Mexico
- Gullah/Geechee
- Louisiana Creole Language
- Maroon and Outlier Communities
- Melungeons and Other Mustee (Mixed-Race) Communities
- Oyotunji Village, South Carolina
- Samaná Americans
- Soul City, North Carolina
- Concepts, Theories, and Models
- Nzuri Model of African Aesthetics
- Sankofa, Cultural Identity, and Education
- Acculturation
- African Aesthetic, The
- African Consciousness as Cultural Continuity
- African-Centered Leadership
- African-Centered Psychology
- African-Centric Paradigm, Edward Wilmot Blyden’s Influence on
- Africanity
- Afrocentricity
- Assimilation
- Black Liberation Theology
- Black Power
- Black Studies
- Blues Aesthetic, The
- Cultural Identity
- Cultural Imperialism
- Cultural Misorientation
- Cultural Resistance to Psychic Terrorism
- Cultural Unity
- Culturally Relevant Pedagogy
- Culture-Based Education for African American Learners
- Dislocation
- Double Consciousness
- Eugenics Movement
- Mentacide
- Mental Health for Persons of African Ancestry
- Negritude, Concept of
- Nkrumahism
- Optimal Psychology
- Pan-African Nationalism
- Pan-Africanism
- Re-Africanization
- Reparations
- Role of Dance: Aesthetics and Metaphysics
- Sociological Approaches to Cultural Heritage Research
- Spirocycles in African History
- Time: The Permanent Present
- Whiteness
- Whiteness, Critical Study of
- Conferences, Institutions, Organizations, and Publishers
- Jegnoch: An African Example of Human Excellence Reclaimed in North America
- Journal of Black Studies
- Negro Digest/Black World
- Africa World Press and the Red Sea Press
- African Heritage Studies Association
- African People’s Socialist Party
- African Psychology Institute
- Afrocentricity International
- All-African People’s Revolutionary Party
- Association for the Study of African American Life and History
- Association of Black Psychologists
- Black Classic Press
- Black Panther Party
- Center for Black Literature at Medgar Evers College (CUNY)
- Cheikh Anta Diop International Conference
- Council of Independent Black Institutions
- East, The
- Holy Rosary Institute
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Black Family Life and Culture
- Institute of the Black World
- International Conferences of Negro Writers and Artists, 1956 and 1959
- Molefi Kete Asante Institute for African Studies
- Nation of Islam
- National Association of Black Social Workers
- National Black United Front and African-Centered Curricula
- National Black United Fund
- National Black Writers Conference
- National Conference of Artists
- National Council for Black Studies
- Oakland Freedom Schools
- Pan-African Congresses
- Republic of New Afrika
- Science Exposition, Council of Independent Black Institutions
- Third World Press
- Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League
- Us (The Organization Us)
- Whitney Heritage Plantation Museum
- Continuity, Discontinuity, and Re-Africanization
- Acculturation
- African Consciousness as Cultural Continuity
- African Cultural Revivals
- African Cultural Survivals
- African Languages, Acquisition of
- African Spiritual Traditions, Survival and Continuity in North America
- Cultural Misorientation
- Dislocation
- Group Identity and Naming Controversies
- Hip-Hop as Re-Africanization
- Kawaida
- Mentacide
- Negritude Movement
- Re-Africanization
- Cosmology, Spirituality, and Religion
- Nzuri Model of African Aesthetics
- African Environment, Sustainability, and Indigenous Knowledge
- African Ethical Tradition
- African Influences on African American Funerary and Mortuary Practices
- African Orthodox Church
- African Personality, the Human Factor: A Guide to Hunhu
- African Spiritual Traditions, Survival and Continuity in North America
- African Worldview
- African-Centered Christianity: First Afrikan Church, Atlanta, Georgia
- Ancestors
- Black Liberation Theology
- Bottle Trees
- Carnival
- Día de los Muertos (Day of the Dead)
- Free Church Tradition
- Healers and Healing
- Holy Rosary Institute
- Ifá
- Indigenous African Spirituality
- Indigenous Cultures and Philosophies in Africa and North America
- Libation
- Life Cycle, African Spiritual Concept of
- Louisiana Easter Rock
- Maat
- Masks and Masking
- Medicine
- Nation of Islam
- Nguzo Saba
- Orishas
- Papa Legba
- Pentecostal and Charismatic Liturgy
- Rastafari
- Santería
- Shrine of the Black Madonna Pan African Orthodox Christian Church
- Vodu/Voduun
- Yards, Sweeping of
- Yoga, Kemetic
- Yoruba Symbolism
- Cultural, Regional, and Biological Derivations
- African American Genetics
- African Burial Ground Complex, New York City
- African Cultural Survivals
- African Ethnic Identities
- African Influences on African American Art and Artists
- African Influences on African American Funerary and Mortuary Practices
- African Languages and American English
- African Linguistic and Communication Continuities in the Caribbean Diaspora
- African Spiritual Traditions, Survival and Continuity in North America
- Africana Sociocultural Heritage
- Africanisms in African Names in the United States
- Africanisms in Contemporary English
- Akan Diaspora in North America
- Architecture in North America, African Influences on
- Blues, African Heritage of
- Bouki Blues Festival
- DNA and African American Family Genealogy Research
- Ebonics: The Retention of African Tongues
- Gold Coast
- Group Identity and Naming Controversies
- Gullah/Geechee
- Naming Traditions
- Naming Traditions: The African American and Luo/Jopadhola Lwo Experiences
- New Orleans Jazz Culture, African Pedagogical Retentions in
- Popular Dances of Congo Square, New Orleans
- West Africanisms
- Family, Kinship, and Community
- Susu: An African Caribbean Grassroots Approach to Savings
- Adoption: Blood, Totem, Belonging
- African Women, Power of
- Ancestors
- Elders, Role of
- Extended Family as Lineage
- Gender Socialization and Categorization
- Initiation Rites, Adult
- Kinship in African and African American Contexts
- Kwanzaa
- Life Cycle, African Spiritual Concept of
- Maleness, Masculinity, and Manhood
- Marriage: Process, Meaning, and Purpose
- Matriarchal Family
- Matriarchy and Patriarchy
- Naming Traditions
- Naming Traditions: The African American and Luo/Jopadhola Lwo Experiences
- Rites of Passage, a Pan-African Model
- Language and Other Communication Forms
- Adinkra Symbols of Ghana
- African American Vernacular English in Life Narratives
- African Languages and American English
- African Languages, Acquisition of
- African Linguistic and Communication Continuities in the Caribbean Diaspora
- African Proverbs as a Form of Epistemology
- Africanisms in Contemporary English
- Call-and-Response
- Creoles as Pan-African Languages
- David Walker’s Appeal
- Diglossia
- Drums and Drumming Styles
- Drums, Roles of
- Ebonics
- Ebonics: The Retention of African Tongues
- Griots, Rappers, and Deejays
- Hip-Hop and Other Spoken Messages in the Music of the African Diaspora
- Hollow Log Drums
- Ideographic Writing
- Louisiana Creole Language
- Oral Traditions as Communal Experience
- Pidginization
- Ring Shout
- Signifying Monkey
- Sorrow Songs: An Early Form of the Blues
- Storytelling: A System of Cultural Cohesion
- Trickster Tales
- Yoruba Symbolism
- Native Americans and Africans
- African Voyages to the Americas Before Columbus
- Africans and Seminoles
- Gaspar Yanga Maroon Society, Veracruz, Mexico
- Iroquois League, African Elements in
- Mardi Gras Indians: Ideological Transition in African American Art
- Mardi Gras Indians: Ritual Drama and Tri-Cultural Heritage
- Melungeons and other Mustee (Mixed-Race) Communities
- Olmec Civilization: Africans in Ancient America
- Places and Historic Sites
- African Burial Ground Complex, New York City
- Africatown, Alabama
- Africville, Nova Scotia
- Congo Square, New Orleans
- Laurel Valley Sugar Plantation, Louisiana
- Michigan Street African American Heritage Corridor, Buffalo, New York
- Oyotunji Village, South Carolina
- Soul City, North Carolina
- Whitney Heritage Plantation Museum
- Research Methodologies
- African American Genetics
- African Scholar in North America, The
- African-Centered Psychology
- Black Studies
- DNA and African American Family Genealogy Research
- Mental Health for Persons of African Ancestry
- National Association of Black Social Workers
- Optimal Psychology
- Preserving the Black Folk Heritage: Zora Neale Hurston
- Sociological Approaches to Cultural Heritage Research
- Whiteness, Critical Study of
- Resistance to Cultural and Physical Oppression
- African-Centered Schools as Sources of Resistance to Cultural Oppression
- Black Panther Party
- Cultural Resistance to Psychic Terrorism
- David Walker’s Appeal
- Freedom Colonies: Independent African American Communities in Post–Civil War Texas
- Iroquois League, African Elements in
- Maroon and Outlier Communities
- Rebellions in the African Diaspora
- Running Away as Resistance to Enslavement
- Stono Rebellion
- Science, Technology, and Mathematics
- African Environment, Sustainability, and Indigenous Knowledge
- African Voyages to the Americas Before Columbus
- Architecture in North America, African Influences on
- Ceramic Traditions, African American
- Healers and Healing
- Indigo Technology, African Influences on
- Mathematics, African Contributions to
- Medicinal Practices and Folk Medicine
- Medicine
- Metallurgy
- Socialization and Enculturation
- Sankofa, Cultural Identity, and Education
- Adoption: Blood, Totem, Belonging
- African American Images and Stereotypes
- African Proverbs as a Form of Epistemology
- African-Centered Curricula, Tenets of
- African-Centered Education in Canada
- African-Centered Leadership
- African-Centered Schools as Sources of Resistance to Cultural Oppression
- African-Centered Schools in Canada
- Anansesem and Contemporary Education
- Animal Folk Tales
- Children’s Game Songs
- Culturally Relevant Pedagogy
- Culture-Based Education for African American Learners
- Education
- Education Versus Schooling
- Elders, Role of
- Initiation of North American Drummers Into African Drumming Traditions
- Initiation Rites, Adult
- Oakland Freedom Schools
- Oral Traditions as Communal Experience
- Papa Legba
- Preserving the Black Folk Heritage: Zora Neale Hurston
- Rites of Passage, a Pan-African Model
- School Curricula, Infusion of African and African American Content in
- Seasoning
- Signifying Monkey
- Slave Culture and the Development of Black Popular Culture
- Storytelling: A System of Cultural Cohesion
- Study Abroad and Cultural Awareness
- Teacher (Mwalimu)–Student (Mwanafunzi) Relationship
- Trickster Tales
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