[Page 3389]Substance/medication-induced major or mild neurocognitive disorder (NCD) is a diagnosis found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association in 2013. The disease is a subtype under the category of Neurocognitive Disorders and represents a revision of the DSM-IV diagnoses of substance-induced persisting dementia and amnestic disorder.

The disorder is associated with a number of neurocognitive impairments of varying severity caused by excessive substance consumption or medication abuse. NCD can be diagnosed if the neurocognitive symptoms cannot be explained by other specific DSM-5 criteria including delirium (a temporary state of confusion), episodes of intoxication or withdrawal, or another co-occurring medical or mental health condition.

Substance-induced NCD can affect many cognitive domains, such as complex or sustained ...