A deficit is a suboptimal amount in quantity or a lack or impairment in a functional capacity. Problems can be defined as (a) statements requiring mathematical or logical constructions to reach a solution or (b) situations requiring attention and choice of action to reach a goal, and they usually involve some matter of uncertainty, unfamiliarity, or difficulty. Information processing may cause problem-solving deficits; and dysfunction in one’s ability to identify and perceive problems, generate appropriate solutions, select and implement an appropriate solution, or evaluate the consequences of problem-solving efforts may define problem-solving deficits. Such deficits can be genetic, learned, or the result of physical trauma or psychosocial distress. Psychometrically valid objective tests can measure problem-solving deficits related to neurocognitive impairment or dysfunction. Self-report, role play, ...