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Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Gender and Sex Differences
Nichole Fairbrother
In: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Gender and Sex Differences
Edited by: Amy Wenzel
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483365817.n935
Subject: Clinical Psychology (general)
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Fairbrother, N. (2017). Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: gender and sex differences. In A. Wenzel (Ed.), The sage encyclopedia of abnormal and clinical psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 2332-2333). Thousand Oaks,, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi: 10.4135/9781483365817.n935
Fairbrother, Nichole. "Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Gender and Sex Differences." In The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology, edited by Amy Wenzel, 2332-2333. Thousand Oaks,, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2017. doi: 10.4135/9781483365817.n935.
Fairbrother, N 2017, 'Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: gender and sex differences', in Wenzel, A (ed.), The sage encyclopedia of abnormal and clinical psychology, SAGE Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks,, CA, pp. 2332-2333, viewed 28 May 2020, doi: 10.4135/9781483365817.n935.
Fairbrother, Nichole. "Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Gender and Sex Differences." The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology. Ed. Amy Wenzel. Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks,: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2017. 2332-2333. SAGE Knowledge. Web. 28 May. 2020, doi: 10.4135/9781483365817.n935.
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[Page 2332]The obsessive-compulsive and related disorders—that is, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), hoarding disorder, trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder), excoriation (skin-picking disorder), substance/medication-induced obsessive-compulsive and related disorder, obsessive-compulsive and related disorder due to another medical condition, other specified obsessive-compulsive and related disorder, and unspecified obsessive-compulsive and related disorder—are a group of mental health conditions that share a number of common features, including obsessional ideation and repetitive behaviors (i.e., compulsions). Obsessions are recurrent, unwanted, and distressing thoughts, images, or impulses. Compulsions are repetitive mental or behavioral acts in which the person engages to decrease the distress associated with the obsessions. In OCD, the content of obsessions typically involves thoughts about contamination, violence, sex, religion, and/or being responsible for harm to others. Compulsive behaviors connected to these ...
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- Addictive Disorders
- Addiction, Recovery From
- Addictive Disorders: Overview
- Adolescent Substance Use
- Agonist Substitution
- Alcohol Intoxication
- Alcohol Use Disorder
- Alcohol Use Disorder: Biological Factors
- Alcohol Use Disorder: Cultural Factors
- Alcohol Use Disorder: Diagnosis
- Alcohol Use Disorder: Epidemiology
- Alcohol Use Disorder: Gender and Sex Differences
- Alcohol Use Disorder: Lifespan Perspectives
- Alcohol Use Disorder: Psychological Factors
- Alcohol Use Disorder: Risk for
- Alcohol Use Disorder: Social Factors
- Alcohol Use Disorder: Treatment
- Alcohol Use Screening Measures
- Alcohol Withdrawal
- Alcoholics Anonymous
- Alcohol-Related Aggression
- Behavioral Addictions
- Binge Drinking
- Caffeine Intoxication
- Caffeine Use Disorder
- Caffeine Withdrawal
- Caffeine-Induced Anxiety Disorder
- Caffeine-Induced Sleep Disorder
- Cannabis Intoxication
- Cannabis Use Disorder
- Cannabis Withdrawal
- Children of Parents With Substance Use Disorder
- Cirrhosis, Alcohol Use and
- Cocaine Intoxication
- Cocaine Use Disorder
- Cocaine Withdrawal
- Conduct Disorder and Co-Occurring Substance Abuse
- Controlled Drinking
- Designer Drugs
- Disease Model of Addiction
- Dopaminergic Pathways and Addiction
- Drug Use Disorders
- Drug Use Disorders: Biological Factors
- Drug Use Disorders: Cultural Factors
- Drug Use Disorders: Epidemiology
- Drug Use Disorders: Gender and Sex Differences
- Drug Use Disorders: Lifespan Perspectives
- Drug Use Disorders: Psychological Factors
- Drug Use Disorders: Risk for
- Drug Use Disorders: Social Factors
- Gambling Disorder
- Gateway Hypothesis of Adolescent Substance Use
- Hallucinogen Intoxication
- Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder
- Hallucinogen Use Disorder
- Hallucinogen Withdrawal
- Harm Reduction Model
- Inhalant Use Disorder
- Internet Gaming Disorder
- Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine Pathway
- Methadone Maintenance
- Narcotics Anonymous
- Opioid Intoxication
- Opioid Use Disorder
- Opioid Withdrawal
- Phencyclidine Use Disorder
- Polysubstance-Related Disorders
- Project MATCH
- Recidivism
- Reward Deficiency Syndrome
- Secular Organizations for Sobriety
- Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Use Disorder
- Self-Management and Recovery Training (SMART) for Addiction
- Self-Medication Hypothesis
- Stimulant Intoxication
- Stimulant Use Disorder
- Stimulant Withdrawal
- Substance Use Disorders and Co-Occurring Mental Health Disorders
- Substance Use Disorders and the Family
- Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
- Tobacco Use Disorder
- Tobacco Use Disorder: Biological Factors
- Tobacco Use Disorder: Cultural Factors
- Tobacco Use Disorder: Diagnosis
- Tobacco Use Disorder: Epidemiology
- Tobacco Use Disorder: Gender and Sex Differences
- Tobacco Use Disorder: Lifespan Perspectives
- Tobacco Use Disorder: Psychological Factors
- Tobacco Use Disorder: Risk for
- Tobacco Use Disorder: Social Factors
- Tobacco Use Disorder: Treatment
- Tobacco Withdrawal
- Tolerance
- Wernicke Encephalopathy
- Withdrawal
- Aging and Neurocognitive Disorders
- Aging and Neurocognitive Disorders: Overview
- Agnosia
- Amnesia
- Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis
- Aphasia
- Apraxia
- Caregiver Stress
- Concussion
- Delirium
- Dementia
- Dementia, Stroke and
- Dyskinesia
- Executive Function
- Huntington’s Disease
- Major or Mild Frontotemporal Neurocognitive Disorder
- Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder due to Alzheimer’s Disease
- Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder due to HIV Infection
- Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder due to Parkinson’s Disease
- Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder due to Prion Disease
- Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder due to Traumatic Brain Injury
- Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder With Lewy Bodies
- Major or Mild Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder
- Memory Training for Dementia
- Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
- Neurocognitive Disorder due to Alzheimer’s Disease: Neuropathology and Dysfunction
- Neurocognitive Disorders
- Neurocognitive Disorders: Biological Factors
- Neurocognitive Disorders: Cultural Factors
- Neurocognitive Disorders: Epidemiology
- Neurocognitive Disorders: Gender and Sex Differences
- Neurocognitive Disorders: Lifespan Perspectives
- Neurocognitive Disorders: Major Versus Mild
- Neurocognitive Disorders: Psychological Factors
- Neurocognitive Disorders: Risk for
- Neurocognitive Disorders: Social Factors
- Neurocognitive Disorders: Treatment
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Neurofibrillary Tangles
- Pick’s Disease
- Prosopagnosia
- Substance/Medication-Induced Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
- Anger, Violence, and Impulse Control Disorders
- “Contracts for Safety”
- Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California
- Aggression: Reactive and Proactive
- Alcohol-Related Aggression
- Amok
- Anger
- Anger Management Training
- Anger, Violence, and Impulse Control Disorders: Overview
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Biological Factors
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Cultural Factors
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Epidemiology
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Gender and Sex Differences
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Lifespan Perspectives
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Psychological Factors
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Risk for
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Social Factors
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Treatment
- Battered Woman Syndrome
- Bullying and Suicide
- Childhood Maltreatment
- Conduct Disorder
- Conduct Disorder and Co-Occurring Substance Abuse
- Conduct Disorder: Biological Factors
- Conduct Disorder: Cultural Factors
- Conduct Disorder: Diagnosis
- Conduct Disorder: Epidemiology
- Conduct Disorder: Gender and Sex Differences
- Conduct Disorder: Lifespan Perspectives
- Conduct Disorder: Psychological Factors
- Conduct Disorder: Risk for
- Conduct Disorder: Social Factors
- Conduct Disorder: Treatment
- Dangerousness to Others
- Dangerousness to Self
- Dangerousness, Prediction of
- Dating Violence
- Death by Cop
- Deliberate Firesetting
- Deliberate Firesetting by Children and Juveniles
- Diversity, Suicide and
- Duty to Warn
- Firearms, Mental Health Disorders and
- Homicidal Ideation
- Homicide, Mental Health Disorders and
- Impulse Control Disorders: Biological Factors
- Impulse Control Disorders: Cultural Factors
- Impulse Control Disorders: Epidemiology
- Impulse Control Disorders: Gender and Sex Differences
- Impulse Control Disorders: Lifespan Perspectives
- Impulse Control Disorders: Psychological Factors
- Impulse Control Disorders: Risk for
- Impulse Control Disorders: Social Factors
- Intermittent Explosive Disorder
- Intimate Partner Violence
- Kleptomania
- Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
- Psychological Autopsy
- Pyromania
- Safety Plan
- Sex Offenders
- Sexual Abuse, Psychological Effects of
- Sexual Harassment
- Sexual Violence, Psychological Effects of
- Sexually Violent Predators
- Social Contagion
- Suicidal Behavior Disorder
- Suicidal Ideation
- Suicidal Intent
- Suicide
- Suicide Attempt
- Suicide Notes
- Suicide Prevention
- Suicide Risk Assessment
- Suicide, Adolescent
- Suicide, Ambivalence About
- Suicide, Classification of
- Suicide, Crisis Hotlines and
- Suicide, Crisis Intervention and
- Suicide, Lethality of
- Suicide, Theories of
- Suicide: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Individuals
- Suicide: Military Service Members and Veterans
- Suicide: Reasons for Living
- Suicide: Risk Factors
- Suicide: Survivors
- Suicide: Warning Signs
- Terrorism, Psychology of
- Violence, Mental Health Disorders and
- Violence: Risk Factors
- Anxiety Disorders
- Agoraphobia
- Antianxiety Medications
- Anxiety and Related Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-5
- Anxiety Disorders: Biological Factors
- Anxiety Disorders: Cultural Factors
- Anxiety Disorders: Epidemiology
- Anxiety Disorders: Gender and Sex Differences
- Anxiety Disorders: Lifespan Perspectives
- Anxiety Disorders: Overview
- Anxiety Disorders: Psychological Factors
- Anxiety Disorders: Risk for
- Anxiety Disorders: Social Factors
- Anxiety Disorders: Treatment
- Anxiety in Childhood
- Anxiety in Childhood: Biological Factors
- Anxiety in Childhood: Cultural Factors
- Anxiety in Childhood: Diagnosis
- Anxiety in Childhood: Epidemiology
- Anxiety in Childhood: Gender and Sex Differences
- Anxiety in Childhood: Lifespan Perspectives
- Anxiety in Childhood: Psychological Factors
- Anxiety in Childhood: Risk for
- Anxiety in Childhood: Social Factors
- Anxiety in Childhood: Treatment
- Anxiety Sensitivity
- Anxiety Versus Fear
- Applied Tension for Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia
- Avoidance
- Behavioral Inhibition
- Behavioral Inhibition System
- Benzodiazepines
- Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia
- Caffeine-Induced Anxiety Disorder
- Disgust, Anxiety Disorders and
- Fainting, Anxiety Disorders and
- Fight-or-Flight Response
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Treatment
- Panic Control Treatment
- Panic Disorder
- Panic Disorder: Treatment
- Postpartum Anxiety
- School Refusal
- Separation Anxiety Disorder
- Social Anxiety Disorder/Social Phobia
- Social Anxiety Disorder/Social Phobia: Treatment
- Specific Phobia
- Specific Phobia: Treatment
- Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder
- Test Anxiety
- Worry
- Biological Constructs
- Adrenal Hormones
- Amygdala
- Biological Constructs: Overview
- Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Cortisol
- Dopamine
- Dopaminergic Pathways and Addiction
- Endogenous Opioids
- Epigenetics
- Frontal Lobes
- Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
- Genes
- Genome-Wide Association/Exome Sequencing
- Glutamate
- Hippocampus
- Hormones, Mental Health and
- Human Genome Project
- Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
- Hypothalamus
- Limbic System
- Locus Ceruleus, Panic Disorder and
- Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine Pathway
- Neuron
- Neuronal Transmission
- Neurotransmitters
- Norepinephrine
- P300
- Parasympathetic Nervous System
- Pharmacogenomics
- Psychopathological Networks
- Serotonin
- Sympathetic Nervous System
- Thalamus
- Childhood and Adolescence Clinical Assessment
- Genetic Disorders
- Interventions
- Mental Health Disorders
- Anxiety in Childhood: Biological Factors
- Anxiety in Childhood: Cultural Factors
- Anxiety in Childhood: Epidemiology
- Anxiety in Childhood: Gender and Sex Differences
- Anxiety in Childhood: Lifespan Perspectives
- Anxiety in Childhood: Psychological Factors
- Anxiety in Childhood: Risk for
- Anxiety in Childhood: Social Factors
- Anxiety in Childhood: Treatment
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Biological Factors
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Cultural Factors
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Epidemiology
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Gender and Sex Differences
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Lifespan Perspectives
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Psychological Factors
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Risk for
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Social Factors
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: Biological Factors
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: Cultural Factors
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: Diagnosis
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: Epidemiology
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: Gender and Sex Differences
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: Lifespan Perspectives
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: Psychological Factors
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: Risk for
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: Social Factors
- Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
- Bipolar Disorders in Childhood
- Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder
- Communication Disorders
- Conduct Disorder
- Conduct Disorder and Co-Occurring Substance Abuse
- Conduct Disorder: Biological Factors
- Conduct Disorder: Cultural Factors
- Conduct Disorder: Epidemiology
- Conduct Disorder: Gender and Sex Differences
- Conduct Disorder: Lifespan Perspectives
- Conduct Disorder: Psychological Factors
- Conduct Disorder: Risk for
- Conduct Disorder: Social Factors
- Depression in Childhood
- Depression in Childhood: Biological Factors
- Depression in Childhood: Cultural Factors
- Depression in Childhood: Diagnosis
- Depression in Childhood: Epidemiology
- Depression in Childhood: Gender and Sex Differences
- Depression in Childhood: Lifespan Perspectives
- Depression in Childhood: Psychological Factors
- Depression in Childhood: Risk for
- Depression in Childhood: Social Factors
- Depression in Childhood: Treatment
- Developmental Coordination Disorder
- Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
- Disorders of Written Expression
- Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
- Elimination Disorders
- Elimination Disorders: Biological Factors
- Elimination Disorders: Cultural Factors
- Elimination Disorders: Epidemiology
- Elimination Disorders: Gender and Sex Differences
- Elimination Disorders: Lifespan Perspectives
- Elimination Disorders: Psychological Factors
- Elimination Disorders: Risk for
- Elimination Disorders: Social Factors
- Expressive Language Disorder
- Externalizing Disorders
- Feeding Disorders in Infancy
- Intellectual Disability
- Intellectual Disability: Biological Factors
- Intellectual Disability: Cultural Factors
- Intellectual Disability: Epidemiology
- Intellectual Disability: Gender and Sex Differences
- Intellectual Disability: Lifespan Perspectives
- Intellectual Disability: Psychological Factors
- Intellectual Disability: Risk for
- Intellectual Disability: Social Factors
- Internalizing Disorders
- Learning Disabilities
- Mathematics Disorder
- Mixed Receptive-Expressive Language Disorder
- Motor Disorders
- Neurocognitive Disorders of Language
- Neurodevelopmental Disorder Associated With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Biological Factors
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Cultural Factors
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Diagnosis
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Epidemiology
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Gender and Sex Differences
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Lifespan Perspectives
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Psychological Factors
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Risk for
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Social Factors
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Treatment
- Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated With Streptococcal Infections
- Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
- Pervasive Developmental Disorders
- Pica
- Reactive Attachment Disorder
- Reading Disorder
- Rumination Disorder
- School Refusal
- Selective Mutism
- Sensory Integration Disorder
- Separation Anxiety Disorder
- Social Communication Disorder
- Specific Learning Disorder
- Speech Sound Disorder
- Stereotypic Movement Disorder
- Tourette’s Disorder
- Other Relevant Constructs
- Adolescent Risk-Taking Behavior
- Adolescent Substance Use
- Anxiety in Childhood
- Assent
- Authoritative Parenting
- Best Interest of the Child
- Bullying
- Childhood and Adolescence: Overview
- Childhood Gender Nonconformity
- Childhood Maltreatment
- Children of Parents With Substance Use Disorder
- Cognitive Development, Stages of
- Deliberate Firesetting by Children and Juveniles
- Developmental Norms
- Developmental Psychopathology
- Developmental Taxonomy of Antisocial Behavior
- Divorce: Psychological Effects on Children
- Effective Discipline
- Emotional Development
- Emotions, Children’s Understanding of
- Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
- Gateway Hypothesis of Adolescent Substance Use
- Global Developmental Delay
- Juvenile Delinquency
- Least Restrictive Environment
- Limit Setting
- Maternal Deprivation
- Maternal Warmth
- Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis
- Parenting and Child Adjustment
- Parenting Styles
- Pediatric Obesity
- Peer Relationships, Psychological Effects of
- Prenatal Drug Exposure
- Prenatal Viral Exposure
- School-Based Mental Health
- Self-Concept Development
- Sexual Abuse, Psychological Effects of
- Single-Parent Family and Child Well-Being
- Theory of Mind
- Thumb Sucking
- Tics
- Psychological Constructs
- Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis Applications to Mental Health Disorders
- Alcohol Use Disorder: Diagnosis
- Anxiety Disorders: Diagnosis
- Anxiety in Childhood: Diagnosis
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis
- Bipolar Disorders: Diagnosis
- Conduct Disorder: Diagnosis
- Depression in Childhood: Diagnosis
- Dissociative Disorders: Diagnosis
- Drug Use Disorders: Diagnosis
- Eating Disorders: Diagnosis
- Elimination Disorders: Diagnosis
- Feeding Disorders: Diagnosis
- Gender Dysphoria: Diagnosis
- History of Mental Health Diagnoses
- Impulse Control Disorders: Diagnosis
- Intellectual Disability: Diagnosis
- Neurocognitive Disorders: Diagnosis
- Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Diagnosis
- Paraphilic Disorders: Diagnosis
- Personality Disorders: Diagnosis
- Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: Diagnosis
- Sexual Dysfunction: Diagnosis
- Sleep-Wake Disorders: Diagnosis
- Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: Diagnosis
- Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders: Diagnosis
- Assessment Approaches
- Actigraphy
- Behavioral Observation
- Biological Assessments
- Clinical Interviews
- Cognitive Assessment
- Computer-Assisted Assessment
- Cultural Competency and Assessment
- Functional Analysis
- Functional Assessment
- Idiographic Assessment
- Multiple Sleep Latency Test
- Neuroimaging
- Neuropsychological Assessment
- Polysomnography
- Psychophysiological Assessment
- Self-Monitoring
- Self-Report Inventories
- Assessment Tools
- Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment
- Achievement Tests
- Alcohol Use Screening Measures
- Anxiety and Related Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-5
- Aptitude Tests
- Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule
- Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development
- Beck Scales
- Behavior Assessment System for Children
- Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test
- California Verbal Learning Test
- Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation
- Clinician-Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale
- Clinician-Rated Psychopathology Domains for Schizophrenia
- Comprehensive Trail-Making Test
- Computerized Axial Tomography
- Conners Comprehensive Behavior Rating Scales
- Continuous Performance Test
- Cultural Formulation Interview
- Electroencephalogram
- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery
- Hamilton Rating Scales
- Intelligence Tests
- Iowa Gambling Task
- Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test
- Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory
- Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
- Outcome Questionnaire System
- Patient Health Questionnaire
- Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System
- Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test
- Personality Inventories
- Positron Emission Tomography
- Projective Tests
- Quality of Life Inventory
- Rorschach Inkblot Test
- Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia
- Sentence Completion Test
- Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test
- State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
- Stroop Color and Word Test
- Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5
- Structured Clinical Interviews
- Suicide Risk Assessment
- Symptom Checklist 90
- Thematic Apperception Test
- Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales
- Wechsler Intelligence Scales
- Wechsler Memory Scale
- Wide Range Achievement Test
- World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0
- Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale
- Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale
- Other Relevant Constructs
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), History of
- Mental Measurements Yearbook
- Actuarial Prediction
- Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders
- Assessment
- Baseline Functioning
- Classification: Categorical Approach Versus Dimensional Approach
- Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis: Overview
- Clinical Judgment
- Comorbidity
- Dangerousness, Prediction of
- Diagnosis
- Disclosure of Psychological Test Data
- International Classification of Diseases
- Mental Health Disorder
- Mental Health Screening
- Mental Status Examination
- Other Specified and Unspecified Diagnoses
- Psychological Report
- Reliability
- Subthreshold Diagnoses
- Test Bias
- Test Equivalence
- Validity
- Cultural Considerations and Culture-Specific Disorders
- Ataque de Nervios
- Coraje
- Dhat
- Khyâl Cap
- Koro
- Kufungisisa
- Latah
- Mal de Ojo
- Maladi Moun
- Marianismo
- Nervios
- Personalismo
- Respeto
- Shenjing Shuairuo
- Susto
- Taijin Kyofusho
- Ukuthwasa
- Acculturation
- Acculturation, Models of
- Africans and African Americans, Mental Health and
- American Indians, Mental Health and
- Americanization of Psychology
- Amok
- Anorexia Nervosa as a Culture-Bound Syndrome
- Arabs and Arab Americans, Mental Health and
- Asians and Asian Americans, Mental Health and
- Brain Fag Syndrome
- Comanche Ghost Sickness
- Cultural Competence
- Cultural Competency and Assessment
- Cultural Considerations and Culture-Specific Disorders: Overview
- Cultural Formulation Interview
- Cultural Identity
- Cultural Sensitivity
- Cultural Universality Versus Cultural Relativism
- Culturally Competent Treatment
- Culturally Valued Dementia Hallucinations
- Culture-Bound and Culture-Specific Syndromes
- Deficit Model
- Diversity, Suicide and
- Etic and Emic
- Frigophobia
- Health Disparities
- Individualism and Collectivism
- Institutionalized Racism
- Latinos and Latin Americans, Mental Health and
- Machismo
- Microaggression
- Multicultural Therapy
- Personality, Cultural Factors and
- Purvaj Syndrome
- Socioeconomic Status
- Spirituality/Religion, Mental Health and
- Unconscious Racism
- Universal Shamanic Tradition
- Values and Biases in Therapy, Importance of
- Voodoo Death
- Windigo
- Dissociative Disorders
- Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
- Dissociative Amnesia
- Dissociative Disorders: Biological Factors
- Dissociative Disorders: Cultural Factors
- Dissociative Disorders: Diagnosis
- Dissociative Disorders: Epidemiology
- Dissociative Disorders: Gender and Sex Differences
- Dissociative Disorders: Lifespan Perspectives
- Dissociative Disorders: Overview
- Dissociative Disorders: Psychological Factors
- Dissociative Disorders: Risk for
- Dissociative Disorders: Social Factors
- Dissociative Disorders: Treatment
- Dissociative Identity Disorder
- Eating and Feeding Disorders
- Anorexia Nervosa
- Anorexia Nervosa as a Culture-Bound Syndrome
- Atypical Anorexia Nervosa
- Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
- Bariatric Surgery
- Binge Eating Disorder
- Body Image
- Body Image, Culture and
- Body Image, Effects of Mass Media on
- Body Image, Gender and
- Bulimia Nervosa
- Control, Eating Disorders and
- Dieting and Restriction
- Eating and Feeding Disorders: Overview
- Eating Disorders: Biological Factors
- Eating Disorders: Cultural Factors
- Eating Disorders: Epidemiology
- Eating Disorders: Gender and Sex Differences
- Eating Disorders: Lifespan Perspectives
- Eating Disorders: Medical Complications
- Eating Disorders: Psychological Factors
- Eating Disorders: Risk for
- Eating Disorders: Social Factors
- Feeding Disorders
- Feeding Disorders: Biological Factors
- Feeding Disorders: Cultural Factors
- Feeding Disorders: Epidemiology
- Feeding Disorders: Gender and Sex Differences
- Feeding Disorders: Lifespan Perspectives
- Feeding Disorders: Medical Complications
- Feeding Disorders: Psychological Factors
- Feeding Disorders: Risk for
- Feeding Disorders: Social Factors
- Female Athlete Triad
- Night Eating Syndrome
- Normal Weight
- Obesity
- Orthorexia
- Pediatric Obesity
- Purging Disorder
- Self-Esteem, Eating Disorders and
- Sleep-Related Eating Disorder
- Social Standards of Beauty
- Gender Dysphoria
- Gender Dysphoria: Biological Factors
- Gender Dysphoria: Cultural Factors
- Gender Dysphoria: Diagnosis
- Gender Dysphoria: Epidemiology
- Gender Dysphoria: Gender and Sex Differences
- Gender Dysphoria: Lifespan Perspectives
- Gender Dysphoria: Overview
- Gender Dysphoria: Psychological Factors
- Gender Dysphoria: Risk for
- Gender Dysphoria: Social Factors
- Gender Dysphoria: Treatment
- Health Psychology
- Asthma: Psychological and Behavioral Factors
- Behavioral Health Integration in Primary Care
- Behavioral Medicine
- Brain Tumors, Psychological and Behavioral Conditions Related to
- Cancer: Psychological and Behavioral Factors
- Cardiovascular Abnormalities, Mental Health Conditions Related to
- Cardiovascular Disease: Psychological and Behavioral Factors
- Cardiovascular Reactivity
- Chronic Pain: Psychological and Behavioral Factors
- Conversion Disorder
- Coping and Chronic Illness
- Coping and Pain
- Coping and Stress
- Death and Dying
- Depression, Medical Illness and
- Diabetes: Psychological and Behavioral Factors
- Emotion-Focused Coping
- Factitious Disorders
- General Adaptation Syndrome
- Hassles, Stress and
- Headaches, Stress and
- Health Behavior
- Health Psychology: Overview
- HIV: Psychological and Behavioral Factors
- Hostility and Health Outcomes
- Hypertension: Psychological and Behavioral Factors
- Illness Anxiety Disorder
- Illness, Stress and
- Immune System Responses to Stress
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- Job Strain
- Life Events, Stress and
- Mental Health Symptoms Related to Medical Conditions
- Munchausen by Proxy
- Obesity
- Pain Disorders
- Personality, Health and
- Problem-Focused Coping
- Promotion of Healthy Behavior
- Protective Buffering
- Psychoneuroimmunology
- Quality of Life
- Seeking Health Care
- Seizures, Mental Health Conditions Related to
- Social Support
- Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
- Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: Biological Factors
- Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: Cultural Factors
- Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: Diagnosis
- Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: Epidemiology
- Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: Gender and Sex Differences
- Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: Lifespan Perspectives
- Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: Psychological Factors
- Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: Risk for
- Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: Social Factors
- Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: Treatment
- Spirituality/Religion and Anxiety, Stress, and Health
- Stress
- Stress Appraisal
- Stress Reactivity
- Tailored Health Behavior Interventions
- Toxic Substances, Psychological and Behavioral Conditions Related to
- Type A Behavior Pattern
- Ulcers, Stress and
- Historical Context
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), History of
- Historical Context: Overview
- History of Ethical Treatment of Mental Health Patients
- History of Mental Health Diagnoses
- History of Treatment for Mental Health Disorders
- History: Philosophical Underpinnings
- History: Schools of Thought
- Neurosurgery
- Reform Movement
- Law and Mental Health
- Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- O’Connor v. Donaldson
- Olmstead v. L. C.
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- Depressive Disorders: Gender and Sex Differences
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- Depressive Disorders: Risk for
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- Double Depression
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- Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale
- Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
- Body Dysmorphic Disorder
- Excoriation
- Hoarding Disorder
- Hoarding Disorder: Treatment
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- Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Cultural Factors
- Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Diagnosis
- Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Epidemiology
- Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Gender and Sex Differences
- Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Lifespan Perspectives
- Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Overview
- Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Psychological Factors
- Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Risk for
- Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Social Factors
- Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Treatment
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Treatment
- Trichotillomania
- Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale
- Personality and Personality Disorders
- Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders
- Antisocial Personality Disorder
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- Biosocial Theory of Borderline Personality Disorder
- Borderline Personality Disorder
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- Histrionic Personality Disorder
- Interpersonal Pathoplasticity
- Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory
- Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
- Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
- Paranoid Personality Disorder
- Personality and Personality Disorders: Overview
- Personality Disorders
- Personality Disorders: Biological Factors
- Personality Disorders: Cultural Factors
- Personality Disorders: Diagnosis
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- Personality Disorders: Risk for
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- Personality Inventories
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- Cognitive Bias
- Cognitive Dissonance
- Cognitive Distortions
- Core Conflictual Relationship Theme
- Countertransference
- Crying, Adult
- Defense Mechanisms
- Delay Discounting
- Disorganized Attachment and Risk for Disorders
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- Eco-Map
- Emotion Regulation
- Emotional Intelligence
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- Habituation and Exposure
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- Recurrence Versus Relapse
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- Secondary Gain
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- Self-Focused Attention
- Self-Regulation
- Self-Representation
- Separation-Individuation
- Shaping by Successive Approximations for the Desired Behavior
- Social Skills
- Social Support
- Sudden Gains in Treatment
- Temperament
- Therapeutic Alliance
- Thought Suppression
- Thought-Action Fusion
- Transference
- Unconditional Positive Regard, Client-Centered Therapy and
- Worry
- Zone of Proximal Development
- Research Methods
- ABAB Research Design
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- Between-Subjects Research Design
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- Treatment Approaches, Efficacy of
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- Validity
- Withdrawal Research Design
- Within-Subjects Research Design
- Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
- Antipsychotic Medications
- Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome
- Brief Psychotic Disorder
- Catatonia
- Clinician-Rated Psychopathology Domains for Schizophrenia
- Culturally Valued Dementia Hallucinations
- Delusional Disorder
- Delusions
- Dementia Praecox
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- Drift Hypothesis
- Expressed Emotion
- Formal Thought Disorder
- Genain Quadruplets
- Hallucination
- Negative Symptoms
- Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis
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- Positive Symptoms
- Postpartum Psychosis
- Prenatal Viral Exposure
- Prodromal and Residual Symptoms
- Schizoaffective Disorder
- Schizoid Personality Disorder
- Schizophrenia
- Schizophrenia Spectrum
- Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: Biological Factors
- Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: Cultural Factors
- Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: Diagnosis
- Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: Epidemiology
- Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: Gender and Sex Differences
- Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: Lifespan Perspectives
- Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: Overview
- Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: Psychological Factors
- Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: Risk for
- Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: Social Factors
- Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: Treatment
- Schizophreniform Disorder
- Schizotypal Personality Disorder
- Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder
- Tardive Akathisia
- Tardive Dyskinesia
- Thought Broadcasting
- Thought Insertion
- Sexual Dysfunction
- Aversion Therapy
- Childhood Gender Nonconformity
- Covert Sensitization
- Delayed Ejaculation
- Directed Masturbation
- Exhibitionism
- Female Orgasmic Disorder
- Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder
- Fetishism
- Frotteurism
- Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder
- Hebephilia
- Human Sexual Response, Phases of
- Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
- Male Erectile Disorder
- Male Orgasmic Disorders
- Paraphilic Disorders
- Paraphilic Disorders: Biological Factors
- Paraphilic Disorders: Cultural Factors
- Paraphilic Disorders: Diagnosis
- Paraphilic Disorders: Epidemiology
- Paraphilic Disorders: Gender and Sex Differences
- Paraphilic Disorders: Lifespan Perspectives
- Paraphilic Disorders: Psychological Factors
- Paraphilic Disorders: Risk for
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- Pedophilia
- Premature Ejaculation
- Sensate Focus
- Sex Offenders
- Sex Reassignment Surgery
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- Sexual Aversion Disorder
- Sexual Desire
- Sexual Dysfunction
- Sexual Dysfunction: Biological Factors
- Sexual Dysfunction: Cultural Factors
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- Sexual Dysfunction: Epidemiology
- Sexual Dysfunction: Gender and Sex Differences
- Sexual Dysfunction: Lifespan Perspectives
- Sexual Dysfunction: Psychological Factors
- Sexual Dysfunction: Risk for
- Sexual Dysfunction: Social Factors
- Sexual Dysfunction: Treatment
- Sexual Masochism
- Sexual Orientation
- Sexual Practices and Sociocultural Influences
- Sexual Sadism
- Substance-Induced Sexual Dysfunction
- Voyeurism
- Sleep-Wake Disorders
- Actigraphy
- Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder
- Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders
- Caffeine-Induced Sleep Disorder
- Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia
- Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder
- Dyssomnia
- Hypersomnolence Disorder
- Insomnia Disorder
- Insomnia Disorder: Treatment
- Jet Lag
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- Night Terror
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- Parasomnia
- Polysomnography
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- Sleep Hygiene
- Sleep-Related Eating Disorder
- Sleep-Wake Disorders: Biological Factors
- Sleep-Wake Disorders: Cultural Factors
- Sleep-Wake Disorders: Diagnosis
- Sleep-Wake Disorders: Epidemiology
- Sleep-Wake Disorders: Gender and Sex Differences
- Sleep-Wake Disorders: Lifespan Perspectives
- Sleep-Wake Disorders: Overview
- Sleep-Wake Disorders: Psychological Factors
- Sleep-Wake Disorders: Risk for
- Sleep-Wake Disorders: Social Factors
- Sleep-Wake Disorders: Treatment
- Sleepwalking
- Theories and Theoretical Frameworks
- Assimilative Integration
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- Attention-Allocation Model
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- Feeding Disorders: Treatment
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- History of Treatment for Mental Health Disorders
- Hoarding Disorder: Treatment
- Impulse Control Disorders: Treatment
- Intellectual Disability: Treatment
- Motor Disorders: Treatment
- Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Treatment
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Treatment
- Panic Disorder: Treatment
- Paraphilic Disorders: Treatment
- Pastoral Counseling
- Personality Disorders: Treatment
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Treatment
- Reactive Attachment Disorder: Treatment
- Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: Treatment
- Seasonal Affective Disorder: Treatment
- Selective Mutism: Treatment
- Sexual Dysfunction: Treatment
- Social Anxiety Disorder/Social Phobia: Treatment
- Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: Treatment
- Specific Learning Disorder: Treatment
- Specific Phobia: Treatment
- Suicidality, Treatment of
- Tobacco Use Disorder: Treatment
- Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program
- Trichotillomania: Treatment
- Biological Approaches
- Agonist Substitution
- Antianxiety Medications
- Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome
- Antidepressant Medications
- Antipsychotic Medications
- Atypical Antidepressants
- Benzodiazepines
- Cognitive Enhancers
- Deep Brain Stimulation
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- Hormone Treatment
- Light Therapy
- Lithium
- Methadone Maintenance
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
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- Neurosurgery
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- Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
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- Bibliotherapy
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- Manualized Treatments
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- Outcome Evaluation in Psychotherapy
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- Progress and Process Notes
- Project MATCH
- Psychotherapy
- Psychotherapy Integration
- Recovery, Mental Health and
- Suicide, Crisis Intervention and
- Treatment Accessibility
- Treatment Approaches, Effectiveness of
- Treatment Approaches, Efficacy of
- Treatment Fidelity
- Treatment Integrity
- Treatment, Therapeutic Approaches, and Relevant Constructs: Overview
- University Counseling Centers
- Values and Biases in Therapy, Importance of
- Virtual Reality
- Psychotherapeutic Approaches
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
- Adlerian Psychology
- Alcoholics Anonymous
- Anger Management Training
- Applied Behavior Analysis
- Applied Tension for Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia
- Art Therapy
- Aversion Therapy
- Behavior Therapy
- Behavioral Activation
- Biofeedback
- Client-Centered Therapy
- Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy
- Cognitive Behavioral Couple Therapy
- Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Children
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia
- Cognitive Bias Modification
- Cognitive Processing Therapy
- Cognitive Therapy
- Compassion Focused Therapy
- Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
- Contingency Management
- Controlled Breathing
- Controlled Drinking
- Couple Therapy
- Covert Sensitization
- Detoxification
- Dialectical Behavior Therapy
- Directed Masturbation
- Drama Therapy
- Dynamic Interpersonal Therapy
- Eclectic Psychotherapy
- Emotion Regulation Therapy
- Emotion-Focused Therapy
- Exercise for Depression
- Exposure Therapy
- Exposure Therapy, Ethics in
- Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy
- Family Therapy
- Gamblers Anonymous
- Gestalt Therapy
- Group Therapy
- Habit Reversal Training
- Hypnosis
- Imagery Rescripting
- Individual Therapy
- Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy
- Integrative Psychotherapy
- Interpersonal Psychotherapy
- Jungian Psychoanalysis
- Logotherapy
- Memory Training for Dementia
- Mentalization Based Treatment
- Metacognitive Therapy
- Milieu Therapy
- Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy
- Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
- Motivational Interviewing
- Multicultural Therapy
- Multidimensional Family Therapy
- Multimodal Therapy
- Multisystemic Therapy
- Music Therapy
- Narcotics Anonymous
- Narrative Therapy
- Neurofeedback
- Object Relations Therapy
- Parent Training
- Parent-Child Interaction Therapy
- Play Therapy
- Positive Psychology in Clinical Practice
- Problem-Solving Therapy
- Progressive Muscle Relaxation
- Prolonged Exposure
- Psychoanalysis
- Psychodrama
- Psychodynamic Therapy
- Quality-of-Life Therapy
- Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
- Reality Therapy
- Relapse Prevention
- Relational Psychoanalysis
- Relational-Cultural Therapy
- Reminiscence Therapy
- Reparative Therapy and Conversion Therapy
- Replacement Skills Training for Deliberate Self-Harm
- Residential Treatment
- Schema Therapy
- Sensate Focus
- Sex Therapy
- Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
- Social Skills Training and Adults
- Solution Focused Therapy
- Stimulus Control Therapy
- Strategic Family Therapy
- Stress Inoculation Training
- Stress Management
- Structural Family Therapy
- Suicide, Crisis Hotlines and
- Supportive-Expressive Therapy
- Systematic Desensitization
- Traditional Behavioral Couple Therapy
- Transference-Focused Psychotherapy
- Transpersonal Therapy
- Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders
- Treatment-Relevant Constructs
- Case Conceptualization
- Client Engagement in Therapy
- Common Factors in Psychotherapy
- Core Conflictual Relationship Theme
- Countertransference
- Cyclical Maladaptive Pattern
- Decentering
- Dream Analysis
- Eco-Map
- Expressive Writing
- Feminist Therapy
- Flooding
- Free Association, Psychoanalysis and
- Genogram
- Group Cohesiveness
- Homework in Treatment
- Interpretation, Psychoanalysis and
- Nonverbal Synchrony
- Patient Factors in Treatment
- Resistance in Psychotherapy
- Rumination: Treatment
- Self-Disclosure in Psychotherapy
- Sleep Hygiene
- Stimulus Control and Behavior Analysis
- Sudden Gains in Treatment
- Termination of Treatment
- Therapeutic Alliance
- Therapeutic Alliance Ruptures
- Therapeutic Process Factors
- Therapeutic Relationship
- Therapist Credibility
- Thought Stopping
- Token Economy
- Transference
- Treatment Adherence
- Treatment Compliance
- Treatment Plans
- Unconditional Positive Regard, Client-Centered Therapy and
- Addictive Disorders
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Citations
Fairbrother, N. (2017). Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: gender and sex differences. In A. Wenzel (Ed.), The sage encyclopedia of abnormal and clinical psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 2332-2333). Thousand Oaks,, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi: 10.4135/9781483365817.n935
Fairbrother, Nichole. "Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Gender and Sex Differences." In The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology, edited by Amy Wenzel, 2332-2333. Thousand Oaks,, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2017. doi: 10.4135/9781483365817.n935.
Fairbrother, N 2017, 'Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: gender and sex differences', in Wenzel, A (ed.), The sage encyclopedia of abnormal and clinical psychology, SAGE Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks,, CA, pp. 2332-2333, viewed 28 May 2020, doi: 10.4135/9781483365817.n935.
Fairbrother, Nichole. "Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Gender and Sex Differences." The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology. Ed. Amy Wenzel. Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks,: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2017. 2332-2333. SAGE Knowledge. Web. 28 May. 2020, doi: 10.4135/9781483365817.n935.
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