Uganda is a country blessed with rich land, abundant water, a moderate climate, and is endowed with a history of strong indigenous political systems that impressed 19th-century explorers with their sophistication and management structures of political order. The ending of the brief colonial period was anticipated to usher in an era of peace and stability. Unfortunately, Uganda suffered from the despotism and repressive rule of serial governments, leaving a trail of mass killings, social displacement, and disruption of its institutions. The historical backgrounds and contexts of social structures during its 50 years of independence are surveyed to examine the progress of education in Uganda.