In psychology, memory often has been defined purely at the individual level. According to this analysis, memories are stored in various parts of the brain and are based on experiences and structured learning of information. However, more recent conceptualizations of groups as information-processing systems have begun to redefine memory to include both the group and organizational levels. To the degree that memory involves the storage and retrieval of information, groups and larger social aggregates perform and rely on such processes on a regular basis. Anthropologists have long viewed memory and recall as sociocultural phenomena. The retelling of stories and myths by parents and group leaders allows all members to share the cultural heritage of the group and helps to reinforce the cultural norms and ideals ...