SAGE Reference - Encyclopedia of Prisons & Correctional Facilities

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Hard Labor

In: Encyclopedia of Prisons & Correctional Facilities
Edited by: Mary Bosworth
Subject:Prison Studies
Keywords:hard labor

Hard labor is a punishment of ancient origin and widespread adoption. In the United States, the Pennsylvania General Assembly established the first hard labor sentence in the fall of 1786 by directing “motley crews” of prisoners to clean and repair public ...

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  Bosworth, M. (2005). Hard labor. In Encyclopedia of prisons & correctional facilities (Vol. 1, pp. 391-392). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412952514.n150
  
  Bosworth, Mary. "Hard Labor." In Encyclopedia of Prisons & Correctional Facilities, edited by Bosworth, Mary, 391-92. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2005. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412952514.n150.
  
  Bosworth, M. 2005. Hard Labor. In: Mary Bosworth Editor, 2005. Encyclopedia of Prisons & Correctional Facilities, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 391-392 Available at: <https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412952514.n150> [Accessed 3 Jul 2022].
  
  Bosworth, Mary. "Hard Labor." Encyclopedia of Prisons & Correctional Facilities. Edited by Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2005, pp. 391-92. SAGE Knowledge. 3 Jul 2022, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412952514.n150.
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