Summary
Contents
Subject index
The SAGE Handbook of Geographical Knowledge is a critical inquiry into how Geography as a field of knowledge has been produced, re-produced, and re-imagined. It comprises three sections on Geographical Orientations, Geography’s Venues, and Critical Geographical Concepts and Controversies. The first provides an overview of the genealogy of ‘geography.' The second highlights the types of spatial settings and locations in which geographical knowledge has been produced. The third focuses on venues of primary importance in the historical geography of geographical thought.
Geopolitics
Geopolitics
Introduction
Geopolitics developed as the geographical study of the strategic relations between nation-states. Although it had antecedents in works on warfare and on the geography of civilizations, geopolitics cohered around a social-Darwinist ideology in the late nineteenth century. Social Darwinists viewed society primarily as a biological community and argued that human groups, such as states, had to struggle with each other in order to survive. Four scholars were particularly important in framing the geopolitical imaginary: Mahan, Ratzel, Mackinder and Kjellén. These ideas achieved their greatest notoriety when they became part of the official ideology of Nazi imperialism and, although the term was shaded by this infamy, the ideology has returned as a powerful part of current US imperialist ideology (Kearns 2009).
Michel Foucault's work on the ...
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