Some individuals, despite above-average intelligence, have difficulties understanding others' thoughts, desires, and beliefs, and using this information to predict and explain behavior. Gifted students who also have autism spectrum disorders such as Asperger's syndrome may not have a theory of mind, an idea introduced by Simon BaronCohen. Theory of mind indicates an ability to read or awareness of others' mindset such as thoughts, beliefs, desires, or intentions. Understanding others minds is essential for social interactions because most people need to interpret others' thoughts based on verbal and nonverbal information, including facial expression, voice tone, gestures, posture, and more. Therefore, the lack of theory of mind indicates the deficit of social understanding and skills.

Many interventions have been designed to address theory of mind challenges. Among them ...