Family diversity refers to multiple characteristics that describe variations in family structure, culture, language, ethnicity, economic status, values, beliefs, interests, abilities, and practices. Educational research provides striking evidence that characteristics of families correlate with dissimilar outcomes in student success. This entry provides information about aspects of diversity in families, how variations are related to family involvement and academic outcomes in education, a summary of systems theories that offer insight to educational professionals as policies and practices are applied, and attention to the need for effective interventions for school success.