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English as a Second Language (ESL)
English learned or used in English-speaking countries, such as the United States and Britain, by immigrants and ethnic minorities, whose first language is not English. In this context, English is the dominant language for administration, commerce, and education, and therefore, learners need English for social and/or academic survival. In the case of ESL, students need English language skills to master core academic subjects. This concept also is used in for mer British colonies in Asia and Africa, where English is not the first language of any group.