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Cerebellum
A primitive structure attached to the back of the brainstem. The term is derived from Latin and means “little brain.” This structure is the oldest in the nervous system, and although it plays an important role in learning, memory, and the processing of certain aspects of music, its main function is to control the balance and coordination of complex, voluntary movements. The cerebellum receives and integrates sensory information and feedback on the position of the body and makes calculations as to what muscles must be activated. Lesions within the cerebellum cause feedback deficits that affect fine movement, equilibrium, and posture.