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James-Lange Theory
William James and Carl Lange developed this theory independently in 1884. It proposes that emotions are a result of physiological changes. The emphasis of the theory lies in the proposal that physiological changes in the autonomic nervous system result in emotions, not that emotions cause physiological changes. There is limited empirical evidence for the theory. The James-Lange theory has been challenged by other accounts of emotions, particularly the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion and the two-factor theory of emotion. For more information, see James (1884).