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Framing Effect
People's thinking and their decisions are influenced by the way situations and possible out comes are described. The framing effect is best illustrated by a now famous example from Kahneman and Tversky. In Scenario 1, participants are told about a disease and two programs to treat 600 people. If nothing is done, all the people will die. Selecting Program A means that 200 people will be saved, while choosing Program B means that there is a one-third chance that all people will be saved and a two-thirds chance that no one will be saved. Most participants choose Program A. In Scenario 2, par ticipants are told of a ship that hit a mine and that all passengers will die if action is not taken immediately. ...