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Democracy's Third Wave

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This seminal essay, written by Samuel P. Huntington and translated to Persian by Tavaana, posits that numerous transitions to democracy between 1974 and 1990 constituted a “third wave” of democratization (following the “first wave” beginning in the 1820s and a “second wave” post-World War II). Huntington, an influential political scientist best known for his “clash of civilizations” thesis of post-Cold War conflict, describes obstacles to democratization in non-democratic areas. He considers the most decisive factors influencing democratization, as well as examining the relationship between democracy and belief systems such as Confucianism and Islam.

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‘Democracy's Third Wave’, SamuelP.HuntingtonJournal of Democracy, 2 (2) (1991): 12–34. © 1991 National Endowment for Democracy and The Johns Hopkins University Press. Reprinted with permission of The Johns Hopkins University Press.

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