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This article argues that, in developing countries, health care systems (HCS) have been facing the problem of market failure, implying that the fair rules of market principles do not apply and patients often become losers. Explaining the theoretical issues involved, the article examines various causes of market failures in HCS, including: rent-seeking activities by doctors, asymmetric information between doctors and patients, between patients and insurance companies, and the oligopolistic behaviour of health care practitioners. The policy implications of the study suggest that, in many cases, government intervention is essential to eliminate market failures in the HCS in developing countries.
‘Rich Doctors and Poor Patients: Market Failure and Health Care Systems in Developing Countries’, B.N.GhoshJournal of Contemporary Asia, 38(2) (2008): 259–276. © 2008 Journal of Contemporary Asia. Reprinted by permission of Taylor & Francis Group,
Chronology of Rich Doctors and Poor Patients: Market Failure and Health Care Systems in Developing Countries
Table of Contents
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Volume I
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The Domain of Macromarketing
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1. The Macromarketing/Micromarketing Dichotomy: A Taxonomical Model
Shelby Hunt | John Burnett
1982
Journal of Marketing
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2. Macromarketing: Past, Present, and Possible Future
Roger Layton | Sanford Grossbart
2006
Journal of Macromarketing
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3. Macromarketing as a Pillar of Marketing Thought
William Wilkie | Elizabeth Moore
2006
Journal of Macromarketing
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4. Focusing the Future of Macromarketing
Mark Peterson
2006
Journal of Macromarketing
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5. Marketing as Constructive Engagement
Clifford Shultz
2007
Journal of Public Policy & Marketing
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Perceptions of the Market
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6. Moral Views of Market Society
Marion Fourcade | Kieran Healy
2007
Annual Review of Sociology
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7. Macromarketing as Agorology: Macromarketing Theory and the Study of the Agora
John Mittelstaedt | William Kilbourne | Robert Mittelstaedt
2006
Journal of Macromarketing
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8. Embedded Markets, Communities, and the Invisible Hand of Social Norms
Rohit Varman | Janeen Costa
2008
Journal of Macromarketing
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Marketing Systems
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9. Marketing Systems – a Core Macromarketing Concept
Roger Layton
2007
Journal of Macromarketing
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10. Market Institutions and Urban Food Supply in West and Southern Africa: A Review
Gina Porter | Fergus Lyon | Deborah Potts
2007
Progress in Development Studies
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11. Rich Doctors and Poor Patients: Market Failure and Health Care Systems in Developing Countries
B. Ghosh
2008
Journal of Contemporary Asia
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12. On Economic Growth, Marketing Systems and the Quality of Life
Roger Layton
2009
Journal of Macromarketing
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Marketing Externalities
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13. The Social Consequences of Marketing: Macromarketing and Public Policy
Robert Nason
1989
Journal of Public Policy & Marketing
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14. Market Mechanisms and the External Benefits of Consumption
Jack Cadeaux
2000
Journal of Macromarketing
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15. The Harm Chain: A Public Policy Development and Stakeholder Perspective
Michael Polonsky | Les Carlson | Marie-Louise Fry
2003
Polonsky Les Carlson and Marie-Louise Fry Marketing Theory
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16. Global Food Marketing Systems and Local Cultural Change in the Developing World
Terrence Witkowski
2008
Macromarketing: Systems, Causes and Consequences
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17. Are Biofuels Pro-Poor? Assessing the Evidence
J.S. Clancy
2008
The European Journal of Development Research
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Volume II
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Society's Impact on Markets and Marketing Systems
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18. A Framework for Understanding the Relationships between Religions and Markets
John Mittelstaedt
2002
Journal of Macromarketing
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Clifford Shultz | Timothy Burkink | Bruno Grbac | Nataša Renko
2005
Journal of Public Policy & Marketing
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20. The Marketplace, Emerging Technology and Marketing Theory
George Zinkhan
2005
Marketing Theory
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Marketing Ethics
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21. Normative Perspectives for Ethical and Socially Responsible Marketing
Gene Laczniak | Patrick Murphy
2006
Journal of Macromarketing
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22. The General Theory of Marketing Ethics: A Revision and Three Questions
Shelby Hunt | Scott Vitell
2006
Journal of Macromarketing
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23. International Marketing Ethics from an Islamic Perspective: A Value-Maximization Approach
Mohammad Saeed | Zafar Ahmed | Syeda-Masooda Mukhtar
2001
Journal of Business Ethics
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24. Catholic Social Thought and Ethical Issues in Marketing
Thomas Klein | Gene Laczniak
2009
Macromarketing Systems, Causes and Consequences
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Distributive Justice
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25. A Compendium of Inequality: The Human Development Report 2005
Jens Martens
2005
A Compendium of Inequality: The Human Development Report 2005
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26. Out of Sight and out of our Minds: What of those Left behind by Globalism?
Russell Belk
2006
Does Marketing Need Reform? Fresh Perspectives on the Future
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27. International Human Rights and Consumer Quality of Life: An Ethical Perspective
Ronald Hill | William Felice | Thomas Ainscough
2007
Journal of Macromarketing
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28. Distributive Justice: Pressing Questions, Emerging Directions, and the Promise of Rawlsian Analysis
Gene Laczniak | Patrick Murphy
2008
Journal of Macromarketing
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29. A Macromarketing Ethics Framework: Stakeholder Orientation and Distributive Justice
O.C. Ferrell | Linda Ferrell
2008
Journal of Macromarketing
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30. Fair Trade: Dynamic and Dilemmas of a Market Oriented Global Social Movement
John Wilkinson
2007
Journal of Consumer Policy
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Quality of Life – a Macromarketing Perspective
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31. Measuring Quality of Life: Economic, Social, and Subjective Indicators
Ed Diener | Eunkook Suh
1997
Social Indicators Research
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32. Technological Achievement and Human Development: A View from the United Nations Development Program
Ronald Hill | Kanwalroop Dhanda
2003
Human Rights Quarterly
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33. Quality-of-Life (QOL) Marketing: Proposed Antecedents and Consequences
Dong-Jin Lee | M. Sirgy
2004
Journal of Macromarketing
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34. Comparative Marketing Measures of Societal Quality of Life: Substantive Dimensions in 186 Countries
Mark Peterson | Naresh Malhotra
1997
Journal of Macromarketing
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Toward Socioeconomic Development – an Overview
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35. New Directions in Development Thinking
1999
World Development Report 1999/2000-Entering the 21st Century
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36. Amartya Sen's Contribution to Development Thinking
Frances Stewart | Severine Deneulin
2002
Studies in Comparative International Development
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37. Human Development and Humane Consumption: Well-Being beyond the “Good Life”
Güliz Ger
1997
Journal of Public Policy & Marketing
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38. How to Help Poor Countries
Nancy Birdsall | Dani Rodrik | Arvind Subramanian
2005
Foreign Affairs
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Volume III
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Controversies in Development 1: Benefits from Freer Trade? The Doha Round
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39. Challenges to the Multilateral Trading System
Peter Sutherland
2007
World Economics
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40. Developing Countries and the Collapse of the Doha Round
Yilmaz Akyüz | William Milberg | Robert Wade
2006
Challenge
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41. Dispelling Some Misconceptions About Agricultural Trade Liberalization
Stephen Tokarick
2008
Journal of Economic Perspectives
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Robert Lawrence
2007
Journal of Economic Litrature
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Controversies in Development 2: The Role of International Development Assistance
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43. Report of the UN Millennium Project “Investing in Development”
Jens Martens
2005
Report of the UN Millennium Project “Investing in Development”
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44. Investing in Development: The Millennium Development Goals, Aid and Sustainable Capital Accumulation
Rathin Roy | Antoine Heuty
2005
Journal of International Affairs
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45. Making Aid Work: How to Fight Global Poverty – Effectively
Abhijit Banerjee
2006
Boston Review
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46. Was Development Assistance a Mistake?
William Easterly
2008
AEA Papers and Proceedings
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47. Growth, Poverty Reduction and Development Assistance in Asia: Options and Prospects
John Farrington | Jeremy Clarke
2006
Development Policy Review
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Controversies in Development 3: Economic Growth & Reduced Poverty
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Timothy Besley | Robin Burgess
2003
Journal of Economic Perspectives
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49. Growth, Inequality and Poverty: Some Hard Questions
Ravi Kanbur
2005
Journal of International Affairs
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50. Poverty and Economic Policy: What Happens when Researchers Disagree?
Andrew Sumner | Meera Tiwari
2005
Journal of International Development
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51. On the Links between Globalization and Poverty
Ann Harrison | Margaret McMillan
2007
Journal of Economic Inequality
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52. Globalization and Rural Poverty
Pranab Bardhan
2006
World Development
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Controversies in Development 4: Challenges in Globalization
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53. Antiglobal Challenges to Marketing in Developing Countries: Exploring the Ideological Divide
Terrence Witkowski
2005
Journal of Public Policy & Marketing
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54. Globalization's Missing Middle
Geoffrey Garrett
2004
Foreign Affairs
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55. The Hijacking of the Development Debate: How Friedman and Sachs Got it Wrong
Robin Broad | John Cavanagh
2006
World Policy Journal
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David Grewal
2006
Ethics and International Affairs
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57. Stiglitz and his Discontent
Timothy Koechlin
2006
Review of Political Economy
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58. Critiquing the Critics of Economic Globalization
Michael Trebilcock
2005
Journal of International Law & International Relations
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Transition Economies and Macromarketing
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59. What the Change of System from Socialism to Capitalism does and does Not Mean
János Kornai
2000
Journal of Economic Perspectives
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60. Transition Economies: Performance and Challenges
Jan Svejnar
2002
Journal of Economic Perspectives
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Clifford Shultz | Anthony Pecotich
1997
Journal of Public Policy & Marketing
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David Dapice | Dwight Perkins | Nguyen Thanh | Vu Anh | Huynh Du | Jonathan Pincus | Tony Saich
2008
Choosing Success: The Lessons of East and Southeast Asia and Vietnam's Future: A Policy Framework for Vietnam's Socioeconomic Development, 2011–2020
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Volume IV
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Marketing & Development
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63. Marketing and Development: Macromarketing Perspectives
Thomas Klein | Robert Nason
2001
Handbook of Marketing and Society
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64. Social Marketing and Development
Ruby Dholakia | Nikhilesh Dholakia
2001
Handbook of Marketing and Society
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65. Globalization and Development: An Expanded Macromarketing View
William Kilbourne
2004
Journal of Macromarketing
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66. Evidence of Microfinance's Contribution to Achieving the Millennium Development Goals
Christopher Dunford
2006
Paper Prepared for Microcredit Summit
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Marketing and Societal Development: Issues & Approaches
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67. Alleviating Poverty: A Macro/Micro Marketing Perspective
Philip Kotler | Ned Roberto | Tony Leisner
2006
Journal of Macromarketing
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William Flanagan | Gail Whiteman
2007
Journal of Business Ethics
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69. The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid
C.K. Prahalad | Stuart Hart
2002
Strategy + Business
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Aneel Karnani
2007
California Management Review
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71. Marketing the Hegemony of Development: Of Pulp Fictions and Green Deserts
Steffen Böhm | Vinícius Brei
2008
Marketing Theory
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T. Cornwell | Judy Drennan
2004
Journal of Macromarketing
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Fair Shares & Equal Sacrifice? 1 Sustainable Consumption
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73. Consumption in a Global Village – Unequal and Unbalanced
1998
Development Programme UN Human Development Report
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William Kilbourne | Pierre McDonagh | Andrea Prothero
1997
Journal of Macromarketing
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75. Live Better by Consuming Less?: Is there a “Double Dividend” in Sustainable Consumption?
Tim Jackson
2005
Journal of Industrial Ecology
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76. Sustainable Household Consumption in Europe?
Lars Mortensen
2006
Consumer Policy Review
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Fair Shares & Equal Sacrifice? 2 Global Warming
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77. Climate Change 101: International Action
2009
Climate Change 101: International Action’
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78. Equity and Climate: In Principle and Practice
John Ashton | Xueman Wang
2003
Beyond Kyoto: Advancing the International Effort against Climate Change
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Neva Goodwin
2008
An Overview of Climate Change: What Does It Mean for Our Way of Life? What Is the Best Future We Can Hope For?
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In Conclusion: Dealing with the Problems of the Commons
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80. Marketing and the Tragedy of the Commons: A Synthesis, Commentary, and Analysis for Action
Clifford Shultz | Morris Holbrook
1999
Journal of Public Policy & Marketing
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