Summary
Contents
Countries A-Z
Political & Electoral Systems
Intergovernmental Organisations
The Political Handbook of the World provides timely, thorough, and accurate political information, with more in-depth coverage of current political controversies than any other reference guide. The updated 2018-2019 edition will continue to be the most authoritative source for finding complete facts and analysis on each country’s governmental and political makeup. Compiling in one place more than 200 entries on countries and territories throughout the world, this volume is renowned for its extensive coverage of all major and minor political parties and groups in each political system. It also provides names of key ambassadors and international memberships of each country, plus detailed profiles of more than 30 intergovernmental organizations and UN agencies. This comprehensive update will include coverage of current events, issues, crises, and controversies from the course of the last two years, including: • Elections across Europe • Referendum in Ireland • Rohingya genocide in Myanmar • The Venezuelan dictatorship • The renaming of Swaziland to eSwatini • Qatar diplomacy changes • Historic meeting between the United States and North Korea • Establishment of a new governing coalition in Liberia
-
Regime Type
icon angle down-
dictatorship
- Afghanistan
- Algeria
- Angola
- Azerbaijan
- Bahrain
- Belarus
- Brunei
- Burundi
- Cambodia
- Cameroon
- Central African Republic
- Chad
- China: People’s Republic Of
- Cuba
- Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
- Democratic Republic of The Congo
- Djibouti
- Egypt
- Equatorial Guinea
- Eritrea
- eSwatini
- Ethiopia
- Fiji
- Gabon
- Gambia
- Iran
- Iraq
- Kazakhstan
- Laos
- Libya
- Mauritania
- Oman
- Qatar
- Republic of The Congo
- Russia
- Rwanda
- Saudi Arabia
- Somalia
- South Sudan
- Sudan
- Syria
- Tajikistan
- Thailand
- Tonga
- Turkey
- Turkmenistan
- Uganda
- United Arab Emirates
- Uzbekistan
- Vatican City State
- Venezuela
- Vietnam
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
-
democracy
- Albania
- Andorra
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Argentina
- Armenia
- Aruba
- Australia
- Austria
- Bahamas
- Bangladesh
- Barbados
- Belgium
- Belize
- Benin
- Bhutan
- Bolivia
- Bosnia And Herzegovina
- Botswana
- Brazil
- Bulgaria
- Burkina Faso
- Côte D’ivoire
- Canada
- Cape Verde
- Chile
- China: Taiwan
- Colombia
- Comoros
- Costa Rica
- Croatia
- Curaçao
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Dominica
- Dominican Republic
- Ecuador
- El Salvador
- Estonia
- Federated States Of Micronesia
- Finland
- France
- Georgia
- Germany
- Ghana
- Greece
- Grenada
- Guatemala
- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Guyana
- Haiti
- Honduras
- Hungary
- Iceland
- India
- Indonesia
- Ireland
- Israel
- Italy
- Jamaica
- Japan
- Jordan
- Kenya
- Kiribati
- Kosovo
- Kuwait
- Kyrgyzstan
- Latvia
- Lebanon
- Lesotho
- Liberia
- Liechtenstein
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Macedonia
- Madagascar
- Malawi
- Malaysia
- Maldives
- Mali
- Malta
- Marshall Islands
- Mauritius
- Mexico
- Moldova
- Monaco
- Mongolia
- Montenegro
- Morocco
- Mozambique
- Myanmar (Burma)
- Namibia
- Nauru
- Nepal
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Nicaragua
- Niger
- Nigeria
- Norway
- Pakistan
- Palau
- Panama
- Papua New Guinea
- Paraguay
- Peru
- Philippines
- Poland
- Portugal
- Republic of Korea
- Romania
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- Samoa
- San Marino
- Senegal
- Serbia
- Seychelles
- Sierra Leone
- Singapore
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Solomon Islands
- Somaliland
- South Africa
- Spain
- Sri Lanka
- St. Kitts and Nevis
- St. Lucia
- St. Vincent and the grenadines
- Suriname
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Tanzania
- Timor-Leste (East Timor)
- Togo
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Tunisia
- Tuvalu
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom
- United Kingdom: Northern Ireland
- United States
- Uruguay
- Vanuatu
- Yemen
-
-
Democracy Type
icon angle down-
non-democracy
- Afghanistan
- Algeria
- Angola
- Azerbaijan
- Bahrain
- Belarus
- Brunei
- Burundi
- Cambodia
- Cameroon
- Central African Republic
- Chad
- China: People’s Republic Of
- Cuba
- Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
- Democratic Republic of The Congo
- Djibouti
- Egypt
- Equatorial Guinea
- Eritrea
- eSwatini
- Ethiopia
- Gabon
- Gambia
- Iran
- Kazakhstan
- Laos
- Libya
- Mauritania
- Oman
- Qatar
- Republic of The Congo
- Russia
- Rwanda
- Saudi Arabia
- Somalia
- South Sudan
- Sudan
- Syria
- Tajikistan
- Thailand
- Tonga
- Turkey
- Turkmenistan
- Uganda
- United Arab Emirates
- Uzbekistan
- Vatican City State
- Venezuela
- Vietnam
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
-
semi-democracy
- Albania
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Armenia
- Bangladesh
- Bolivia
- Bosnia And Herzegovina
- Burkina Faso
- Côte D’ivoire
- Colombia
- Comoros
- Ecuador
- Fiji
- Georgia
- Guatemala
- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Haiti
- Honduras
- Indonesia
- Iraq
- Jordan
- Kenya
- Kosovo
- Kuwait
- Kyrgyzstan
- Lebanon
- Lesotho
- Liberia
- Macedonia
- Madagascar
- Malawi
- Malaysia
- Maldives
- Mali
- Mexico
- Moldova
- Monaco
- Montenegro
- Morocco
- Mozambique
- Myanmar (Burma)
- Nepal
- Nicaragua
- Niger
- Nigeria
- Pakistan
- Papua New Guinea
- Paraguay
- Philippines
- Seychelles
- Sierra Leone
- Singapore
- Somaliland
- Sri Lanka
- Tanzania
- Togo
- Ukraine
- Yemen
-
newer democracy
- Andorra
- Argentina
- Belize
- Benin
- Bhutan
- Botswana
- Brazil
- Bulgaria
- Cape Verde
- Chile
- China: Taiwan
- Croatia
- Czech Republic
- Dominican Republic
- El Salvador
- Estonia
- Federated States Of Micronesia
- Ghana
- Grenada
- Guyana
- Hungary
- Latvia
- Liechtenstein
- Lithuania
- Marshall Islands
- Mongolia
- Namibia
- Nauru
- Palau
- Panama
- Peru
- Poland
- Republic of Korea
- Romania
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- Samoa
- Senegal
- Serbia
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- South Africa
- St. Kitts and Nevis
- Suriname
- Timor-Leste (East Timor)
- Tunisia
- Tuvalu
- United Kingdom: Northern Ireland
- Vanuatu
-
not rated
-
older democracy
- Australia
- Austria
- Bahamas
- Barbados
- Belgium
- Canada
- Costa Rica
- Cyprus
- Denmark
- Dominica
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Iceland
- India
- Ireland
- Italy
- Jamaica
- Japan
- Kiribati
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Mauritius
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Norway
- Portugal
- San Marino
- Solomon Islands
- Spain
- St. Lucia
- St. Vincent and the grenadines
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Trinidad and Tobago
- United Kingdom
- United States
- Uruguay
-
-
Freedom House Rating
icon angle down-
not free
- Afghanistan
- Algeria
- Angola
- Azerbaijan
- Bahrain
- Belarus
- Brunei
- Burundi
- Cambodia
- Cameroon
- Central African Republic
- Chad
- China: People’s Republic Of
- Cuba
- Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
- Democratic Republic of The Congo
- Djibouti
- Egypt
- Equatorial Guinea
- Eritrea
- eSwatini
- Ethiopia
- Gabon
- Iran
- Iraq
- Kazakhstan
- Laos
- Libya
- Mauritania
- Oman
- Palestinian Authority/Palestine Liberation Organization
- Qatar
- Republic of The Congo
- Russia
- Rwanda
- Saudi Arabia
- Somalia
- South Sudan
- Sudan
- Syria
- Tajikistan
- Thailand
- Turkey
- Turkmenistan
- United Arab Emirates
- Uzbekistan
- Vatican City State
- Venezuela
- Vietnam
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
-
partly free
- Albania
- Armenia
- Bangladesh
- Bhutan
- Bolivia
- Bosnia And Herzegovina
- Burkina Faso
- Côte D’ivoire
- Colombia
- Comoros
- Dominican Republic
- Ecuador
- Fiji
- Gambia
- Georgia
- Guatemala
- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Haiti
- Honduras
- Hungary
- Indonesia
- Jordan
- Kenya
- Kosovo
- Kuwait
- Kyrgyzstan
- Lebanon
- Lesotho
- Liberia
- Macedonia
- Madagascar
- Malawi
- Malaysia
- Maldives
- Mali
- Mexico
- Moldova
- Montenegro
- Morocco
- Mozambique
- Myanmar (Burma)
- Nepal
- Nicaragua
- Niger
- Nigeria
- Pakistan
- Papua New Guinea
- Paraguay
- Philippines
- Seychelles
- Sierra Leone
- Singapore
- Somaliland
- Sri Lanka
- Tanzania
- Togo
- Uganda
- Ukraine
- Yemen
-
free
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Argentina
- Australia
- Austria
- Bahamas
- Barbados
- Belgium
- Belize
- Benin
- Botswana
- Brazil
- Bulgaria
- Canada
- Cape Verde
- Chile
- China: Taiwan
- Costa Rica
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Dominica
- El Salvador
- Estonia
- Federated States Of Micronesia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Ghana
- Greece
- Grenada
- Guyana
- Iceland
- India
- Ireland
- Israel
- Italy
- Jamaica
- Japan
- Kiribati
- Latvia
- Liechtenstein
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Marshall Islands
- Mauritius
- Monaco
- Mongolia
- Namibia
- Nauru
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Norway
- Palau
- Panama
- Peru
- Poland
- Portugal
- Republic of Korea
- Romania
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- Samoa
- San Marino
- Senegal
- Serbia
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Solomon Islands
- South Africa
- Spain
- St. Kitts and Nevis
- St. Lucia
- St. Vincent and the grenadines
- Suriname
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Timor-Leste (East Timor)
- Tonga
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Tunisia
- Tuvalu
- United Kingdom
- United States
- Uruguay
- Vanuatu
-
not rated
-
-
Election System
icon angle down-
majoritarian
- Afghanistan
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Australia
- Azerbaijan
- Bahamas
- Bahrain
- Bangladesh
- Barbados
- Belarus
- Belize
- Bhutan
- Botswana
- Côte D’ivoire
- Canada
- Central African Republic
- Comoros
- Cuba
- Dominica
- Egypt
- Ethiopia
- Federated States Of Micronesia
- France
- Gabon
- Gambia
- Ghana
- Grenada
- Haiti
- India
- Iran
- Jamaica
- Kenya
- Kiribati
- Kuwait
- Laos
- Liberia
- Malawi
- Malaysia
- Maldives
- Mali
- Marshall Islands
- Mauritius
- Mongolia
- Myanmar (Burma)
- Nauru
- Nigeria
- Oman
- Palau
- Papua New Guinea
- Republic of The Congo
- Samoa
- Sierra Leone
- Singapore
- Solomon Islands
- St. Kitts and Nevis
- St. Lucia
- St. Vincent and the grenadines
- Syria
- Tanzania
- Tonga
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Turkmenistan
- Tuvalu
- Uganda
- United Kingdom
- United States
- Uzbekistan
- Vanuatu
- Venezuela
- Vietnam
- Yemen
-
proportional representation (pr)
- Albania
- Algeria
- Angola
- Argentina
- Armenia
- Austria
- Belgium
- Benin
- Bosnia And Herzegovina
- Brazil
- Bulgaria
- Burkina Faso
- Burundi
- Cambodia
- Cape Verde
- Chile
- Colombia
- Costa Rica
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Dominican Republic
- Ecuador
- El Salvador
- Equatorial Guinea
- Estonia
- Fiji
- Finland
- Greece
- Guatemala
- Guinea-Bissau
- Guyana
- Honduras
- Iceland
- Indonesia
- Iraq
- Ireland
- Israel
- Jordan
- Kazakhstan
- Kosovo
- Kyrgyzstan
- Latvia
- Lebanon
- Liechtenstein
- Luxembourg
- Macedonia
- Malta
- Montenegro
- Morocco
- Mozambique
- Namibia
- Netherlands
- Nicaragua
- Niger
- Norway
- Paraguay
- Peru
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Rwanda
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- San Marino
- Serbia
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Somaliland
- South Africa
- Spain
- Sri Lanka
- Suriname
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Timor-Leste (East Timor)
- Togo
- Tunisia
- Turkey
- United Kingdom: Northern Ireland
- Uruguay
-
combined
- Andorra
- Bolivia
- Cameroon
- Chad
- China: Taiwan
- Democratic Republic of The Congo
- Djibouti
- Georgia
- Germany
- Guinea
- Hungary
- Italy
- Japan
- Lesotho
- Libya
- Lithuania
- Madagascar
- Mauritania
- Mexico
- Moldova
- Monaco
- Nepal
- New Zealand
- Pakistan
- Palestinian Authority/Palestine Liberation Organization
- Panama
- Philippines
- Republic of Korea
- Russia
- Senegal
- Seychelles
- Sudan
- Tajikistan
- Thailand
- Ukraine
- Vatican City State
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
-
no elections
-
not rated
-
-
Election Rules
icon angle down-
single non-transferable vote
-
list proportional representation
- Albania
- Algeria
- Angola
- Argentina
- Armenia
- Austria
- Belgium
- Benin
- Bosnia And Herzegovina
- Brazil
- Bulgaria
- Burkina Faso
- Burundi
- Cambodia
- Cape Verde
- Chile
- Colombia
- Costa Rica
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Dominican Republic
- Ecuador
- El Salvador
- Equatorial Guinea
- Estonia
- Fiji
- Finland
- Greece
- Guatemala
- Guinea-Bissau
- Guyana
- Honduras
- Iceland
- Indonesia
- Iraq
- Israel
- Jordan
- Kazakhstan
- Kosovo
- Kyrgyzstan
- Latvia
- Lebanon
- Liechtenstein
- Luxembourg
- Macedonia
- Montenegro
- Morocco
- Mozambique
- Namibia
- Netherlands
- Nicaragua
- Niger
- Norway
- Paraguay
- Peru
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Rwanda
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- San Marino
- Serbia
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Somaliland
- South Africa
- Spain
- Sri Lanka
- Suriname
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Timor-Leste (East Timor)
- Togo
- Tunisia
- Turkey
- Uruguay
-
parallel system
- Andorra
- Cameroon
- Chad
- China: Taiwan
- Democratic Republic of The Congo
- Georgia
- Guinea
- Italy
- Japan
- Lithuania
- Madagascar
- Mauritania
- Moldova
- Monaco
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- Palestinian Authority/Palestine Liberation Organization
- Panama
- Philippines
- Republic of Korea
- Russia
- Senegal
- Seychelles
- Sudan
- Tajikistan
- Ukraine
- Vatican City State
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
-
first past the post
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Azerbaijan
- Bahamas
- Bangladesh
- Barbados
- Belarus
- Belize
- Bhutan
- Botswana
- Côte D’ivoire
- Canada
- Dominica
- Ethiopia
- Federated States Of Micronesia
- Gambia
- Ghana
- Grenada
- India
- Jamaica
- Kenya
- Liberia
- Malawi
- Malaysia
- Maldives
- Marshall Islands
- Mongolia
- Myanmar (Burma)
- Nigeria
- Oman
- Palau
- Samoa
- Sierra Leone
- Singapore
- Solomon Islands
- St. Kitts and Nevis
- St. Lucia
- St. Vincent and the grenadines
- Tanzania
- Tonga
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Uganda
- United Kingdom
- United States
- Vietnam
- Yemen
-
alternative vote
-
two round system
-
mixed member proportional system
-
no free elections
-
single transferrable vote
-
block vote
-
not rated
-
-
Party System
icon angle down-
multi party-hyper competitive
- Afghanistan
- Belgium
- Benin
- Brazil
- Central African Republic
- Chile
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- Germany
- Greece
- Guyana
- India
- Israel
- Italy
- Japan
- Latvia
- Liberia
- Macedonia
- Malaysia
- Montenegro
- Morocco
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Norway
- Pakistan
- Panama
- Papua New Guinea
- Peru
- Philippines
- Republic of Korea
- Romania
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- San Marino
- Serbia
- Sierra Leone
- Slovakia
- Suriname
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Timor-Leste (East Timor)
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom
- United Kingdom: Northern Ireland
- Uruguay
- Vanuatu
- Vatican City State
-
multi party-limited competition
- Albania
- Algeria
- Andorra
- Argentina
- Armenia
- Australia
- Austria
- Bahamas
- Bosnia And Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Burkina Faso
- Côte D’ivoire
- Canada
- Chad
- China: Taiwan
- Colombia
- Comoros
- Costa Rica
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
- Democratic Republic of The Congo
- Djibouti
- Dominican Republic
- Ecuador
- Egypt
- El Salvador
- Fiji
- France
- Gabon
- Gambia
- Georgia
- Guatemala
- Haiti
- Honduras
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Indonesia
- Iran
- Iraq
- Ireland
- Jordan
- Kenya
- Kosovo
- Kuwait
- Kyrgyzstan
- Lebanon
- Lesotho
- Libya
- Liechtenstein
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Madagascar
- Malawi
- Marshall Islands
- Mauritius
- Mexico
- Moldova
- Mongolia
- Myanmar (Burma)
- Namibia
- Nauru
- Nepal
- Nicaragua
- Niger
- Nigeria
- Paraguay
- Poland
- Portugal
- Republic of The Congo
- Russia
- Rwanda
- Senegal
- Singapore
- Slovenia
- Solomon Islands
- Somaliland
- South Africa
- Spain
- Sri Lanka
- St. Kitts and Nevis
- Sudan
- Tajikistan
- Tanzania
- Thailand
- Tunisia
- Turkey
- Uganda
- Uzbekistan
-
two party
- Angola
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Bangladesh
- Barbados
- Belize
- Bhutan
- Botswana
- Burundi
- Cape Verde
- Dominica
- Equatorial Guinea
- Ghana
- Grenada
- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Jamaica
- Kiribati
- Maldives
- Mali
- Monaco
- Mozambique
- Samoa
- Seychelles
- St. Lucia
- St. Vincent and the grenadines
- Syria
- Trinidad and Tobago
- United States
- Yemen
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
-
one party
-
not rated
-
-
System of Government
icon angle down-
unitary
- Afghanistan
- Albania
- Algeria
- Angola
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Azerbaijan
- Bahamas
- Bahrain
- Bangladesh
- Barbados
- Belarus
- Belize
- Benin
- Brunei
- Bulgaria
- Burkina Faso
- Burundi
- Côte D’ivoire
- Cambodia
- Cape Verde
- Central African Republic
- Chad
- Chile
- China: People’s Republic Of
- China: Taiwan
- Comoros
- Costa Rica
- Croatia
- Cuba
- Curaçao
- Cyprus
- Cyprus: Turkish Sector
- Czech Republic
- Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
- Democratic Republic of The Congo
- Denmark
- Djibouti
- Dominica
- Dominican Republic
- Ecuador
- Egypt
- El Salvador
- Equatorial Guinea
- Eritrea
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Gabon
- Gambia
- Georgia
- Ghana
- Greece
- Grenada
- Guatemala
- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Guyana
- Haiti
- Honduras
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Iran
- Iraq
- Ireland
- Israel
- Italy
- Jamaica
- Japan
- Jordan
- Kazakhstan
- Kenya
- Kiribati
- Kuwait
- Kyrgyzstan
- Laos
- Latvia
- Lebanon
- Lesotho
- Liberia
- Libya
- Liechtenstein
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Macedonia
- Madagascar
- Malawi
- Maldives
- Mali
- Malta
- Marshall Islands
- Mauritania
- Mauritius
- Mexico
- Moldova
- Monaco
- Mongolia
- Montenegro
- Morocco
- Mozambique
- Nauru
- Nepal
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Nicaragua
- Niger
- Nigeria
- Norway
- Oman
- Panama
- Paraguay
- Peru
- Philippines
- Poland
- Qatar
- Republic of Korea
- Republic of The Congo
- Romania
- Rwanda
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- Samoa
- San Marino
- Saudi Arabia
- Senegal
- Serbia
- Seychelles
- Sierra Leone
- Singapore
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Somaliland
- Sri Lanka
- St. Lucia
- St. Vincent and the grenadines
- Suriname
- Sweden
- Syria
- Tajikistan
- Tanzania
- Thailand
- Timor-Leste (East Timor)
- Togo
- Tonga
- Tunisia
- Turkey
- Turkmenistan
- Tuvalu
- Uganda
- United Arab Emirates
- United Kingdom
- Uruguay
- Uzbekistan
- Vanuatu
- Vietnam
- Yemen
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
-
federal
- Andorra
- Argentina
- Armenia
- Australia
- Austria
- Belgium
- Bhutan
- Bosnia And Herzegovina
- Botswana
- Brazil
- Cameroon
- Canada
- Colombia
- Ethiopia
- Federated States Of Micronesia
- Fiji
- Germany
- India
- Indonesia
- Malaysia
- Myanmar (Burma)
- Namibia
- Pakistan
- Papua New Guinea
- Portugal
- Russia
- Solomon Islands
- Somalia
- South Africa
- Spain
- St. Kitts and Nevis
- Sudan
- Switzerland
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom: Northern Ireland
- United States
- Vatican City State
- Venezuela
-
- African Union (AU)
- Arab League
- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
- Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)
- Common Market For Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
- Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
- Council of Europe
- Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
- European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM)
- European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
- European Union (EU)
- Group of Eight
- Group of Twenty
- International Criminal Court (ICC)
- International Energy Agency (IEA)
- International Organization For Migration (IOM)
- Non-Aligned Movement
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
- Organization For Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
- Organization For Security And Cooperation In Europe (OSCE)
- Organization of American States (OAS)
- Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
- Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
- Organization of The Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
- Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)
- Regional Development Banks
- Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)
- South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
- Southern African Development Community (SADC)
- Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur/Mercosul)
- The Commonwealth
- United Nations (UN)
- United Nations: Related Organizations
- United Nations: Specialized Agencies
- World Trade Organization (WTO)