República de Guatemala

Political Status: Independent Captaincy General of Guatemala proclaimed 1821; member of United Provinces of Central America, 1824–1838; separate state established 1839; most recent constitution (adopted May 31, 1985, with effect from January 14, 1986) amended by referendum of January 30, 1994.

Area: 42,042 sq. mi. (108,889 sq. km).

Population: 15,263,427 (2012E—UN); 14,099,032 (2012E—U.S. Census).

Major Urban Centers (2005E): GUATEMALA CITY (991,000), Mixco (307,000), Villa Nueva (237,901), Quetzaltenango (114,000), Escuintla (72,000).

Official Language: Spanish.

Monetary Unit: Quetzal (market rate November 5, 2012: 7.82 quetzales = $1US). Since May 1, 2001, foreign currencies have been permitted to circulate and may be used in business transactions.

President: Otto Pérez Molina (Patriotic Party); elected in runoff election on November 6, 2011 and sworn in for a four-year term on January 13, ...