Scholars of international relations and international communications view the extent of media freedom from country to country as a key comparative indicator either by itself or in correlation with other indices of national political and economic development. This indicator serves as a bellwether for gauging the health and spread of democracy.

Historical Guide to World Media Freedom is a new reference from CQ Press that brings together comprehensive historical data on media freedom since World War II. It provides consistent and comparable measures of media freedom in all independent countries for the years 1948 to the present. The work also includes country-by country summaries, analyses of historical and regional trends in media freedom, and extensive reliability analyses of media freedom measures.

The key information provided is designed to help researchers connect these historical measures of media freedom to Freedom House's annual Freedom of the Press survey release, enabling them to extend their studies back before the 1980s when Freedom House began compiling global press freedom measures.

The reference covers three major areas

-introductory chapters discuss the theoretical premises behind the nature and importance of media freedom, operational definitions of media freedom, the challenges of compiling reliable measures, historical trends, and the challenges of coding for media freedom in a way that ensures consistency for comparison.

-the heart of the book includes alphabetical, country-by-country summaries of the ebb and flow of media freedom paired with national media freedom measures over time. This is essential reading for researchers to connect the dots in understanding global media freedom.

-concluding material provides a detailed discussion of the historical patterns in media freedom, consideration of how media freedom tracks with other cross-national indicators, and discussion of the reliability of the information available on media freedom.

Accessible to both students and scholars alike, this groundbreaking new reference will be essential to collections in political science, international studies, and journalism and communications.

Botswana: 1966–2012

Botswana: 1966–2012
Botswana Year by Year
YearMediaGovernment
1966FreeDemocracy
1967FreeDemocracy
1968FreeDemocracy
1969FreeDemocracy
1970FreeDemocracy
1971FreeDemocracy
1972FreeDemocracy
1973FreeDemocracy
1974FreeDemocracy
1975FreeDemocracy
1976FreeDemocracy
1977FreeDemocracy
1978FreeDemocracy
1979FreeDemocracy
1980FreeDemocracy
1981FreeDemocracy
1982FreeDemocracy
1983FreeDemocracy
1984FreeDemocracy
1985FreeDemocracy
1986FreeDemocracy
1987FreeDemocracy
1988FreeDemocracy
1989FreeDemocracy
1990FreeDemocracy
1991FreeDemocracy
1992FreeDemocracy
1993Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
1994Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
1995Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
1996Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
1997Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
1998Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
1999Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
2000Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
2001FreeDemocracy
2002FreeDemocracy
2003FreeDemocracy
2004FreeDemocracy
2005Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
2006Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
2007Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
2008Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
2009Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
2010Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
2011Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
2012Imperfectly FreeDemocracy

Media Freedom History in a Nutshell

  • News media have been functionally free since Botswana gained independence in 1966, but state-owned media are far more accessible than privately owned media
  • As of 2010, there were two daily newspapers, one of them was a paid-for daily with a total average circulation of 76,000 (World Association of Newspaper's 2010 World Newspaper Trends)
  • State-owned radio and television are the primary sources of media
  • As of 2012, about 12 percent of Botswana had Internet access (International Telecommunication Union's 2012 ICT Indicators Database)

In Brief

Since gaining indepeCHAndence, Botswana has had a civilian government. Given this political context, it is not surprising that the news ...

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