Scholars of international relations and international communications view the extent of media freedom from country to country as a key comparative indicator either by itself or in correlation with other indices of national political and economic development. This indicator serves as a bellwether for gauging the health and spread of democracy.

Historical Guide to World Media Freedom is a new reference from CQ Press that brings together comprehensive historical data on media freedom since World War II. It provides consistent and comparable measures of media freedom in all independent countries for the years 1948 to the present. The work also includes country-by country summaries, analyses of historical and regional trends in media freedom, and extensive reliability analyses of media freedom measures.

The key information provided is designed to help researchers connect these historical measures of media freedom to Freedom House's annual Freedom of the Press survey release, enabling them to extend their studies back before the 1980s when Freedom House began compiling global press freedom measures.

The reference covers three major areas

-introductory chapters discuss the theoretical premises behind the nature and importance of media freedom, operational definitions of media freedom, the challenges of compiling reliable measures, historical trends, and the challenges of coding for media freedom in a way that ensures consistency for comparison.

-the heart of the book includes alphabetical, country-by-country summaries of the ebb and flow of media freedom paired with national media freedom measures over time. This is essential reading for researchers to connect the dots in understanding global media freedom.

-concluding material provides a detailed discussion of the historical patterns in media freedom, consideration of how media freedom tracks with other cross-national indicators, and discussion of the reliability of the information available on media freedom.

Accessible to both students and scholars alike, this groundbreaking new reference will be essential to collections in political science, international studies, and journalism and communications.

Benin: 1960–2012

Benin: 1960–2012
Benin Year by Year
YearMediaGovernment
1960Not FreeAnocracy
1961Not FreeAnocracy
1962Not FreeAnocracy
1963Not FreeAnocracy
1964Not FreeAnocracy
1965Not FreeAutocracy
1966Not FreeAutocracy
1967Not FreeAutocracy
1968Not FreeAutocracy
1969Not FreeAutocracy
1970Not FreeAnocracy
1971Not FreeAnocracy
1972Not FreeAutocracy
1973Not FreeAutocracy
1974Not FreeAutocracy
1975Not FreeAutocracy
1976Not FreeAutocracy
1977Not FreeAutocracy
1978Not FreeAutocracy
1979Not FreeAutocracy
1980Not FreeAutocracy
1981Not FreeAutocracy
1982Not FreeAutocracy
1983Not FreeAutocracy
1984Not FreeAutocracy
1985Not FreeAutocracy
1986Not FreeAutocracy
1987Not FreeAutocracy
1988Not FreeAutocracy
1989Not FreeAutocracy
1990Not FreeAnocracy
1991Not FreeDemocracy
1992Not FreeDemocracy
1993Not FreeDemocracy
1994Not FreeDemocracy
1995Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
1996Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
1997Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
1998Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
1999Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
2000Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
2001Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
2002FreeDemocracy
2003FreeDemocracy
2004FreeDemocracy
2005FreeDemocracy
2006FreeDemocracy
2007Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
2008Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
2009Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
2010Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
2011Imperfectly FreeDemocracy
2012Imperfectly FreeDemocracy

Media Freedom History in a Nutshell

  • Although Benin gained its independence from France in 1960, the Beninese media were not functionally free until 1995—four years after the country transitioned to democracy
  • As of 2010, there were thirty-eight paid-for daily newspapers with a total average circulation of 50,000, more than seventy-five radio stations (some private, some community, and some commercial) and one government-owned and five private television stations (World Association of Newspaper's 2010 World ...
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