Summary
Contents
Subject index
Scholars of international relations and international communications view the extent of media freedom from country to country as a key comparative indicator either by itself or in correlation with other indices of national political and economic development. This indicator serves as a bellwether for gauging the health and spread of democracy.
Historical Guide to World Media Freedom is a new reference from CQ Press that brings together comprehensive historical data on media freedom since World War II. It provides consistent and comparable measures of media freedom in all independent countries for the years 1948 to the present. The work also includes country-by country summaries, analyses of historical and regional trends in media freedom, and extensive reliability analyses of media freedom measures.
The key information provided is designed to help researchers connect these historical measures of media freedom to Freedom House's annual Freedom of the Press survey release, enabling them to extend their studies back before the 1980s when Freedom House began compiling global press freedom measures.
The reference covers three major areas
-introductory chapters discuss the theoretical premises behind the nature and importance of media freedom, operational definitions of media freedom, the challenges of compiling reliable measures, historical trends, and the challenges of coding for media freedom in a way that ensures consistency for comparison.
-the heart of the book includes alphabetical, country-by-country summaries of the ebb and flow of media freedom paired with national media freedom measures over time. This is essential reading for researchers to connect the dots in understanding global media freedom.
-concluding material provides a detailed discussion of the historical patterns in media freedom, consideration of how media freedom tracks with other cross-national indicators, and discussion of the reliability of the information available on media freedom.
Accessible to both students and scholars alike, this groundbreaking new reference will be essential to collections in political science, international studies, and journalism and communications.
United States: 1948–2012
United States: 1948–2012
United States Year by Year | ||
---|---|---|
Year | Media | Government |
1948 | Free | Democracy |
1949 | Free | Democracy |
1950 | Free | Democracy |
1951 | Free | Democracy |
1952 | Free | Democracy |
1953 | Free | Democracy |
1954 | Free | Democracy |
1955 | Free | Democracy |
1956 | Free | Democracy |
1957 | Free | Democracy |
1958 | Free | Democracy |
1959 | Free | Democracy |
1960 | Free | Democracy |
1961 | Free | Democracy |
1962 | Free | Democracy |
1963 | Free | Democracy |
1964 | Free | Democracy |
1965 | Free | Democracy |
1966 | Free | Democracy |
1967 | Free | Democracy |
1968 | Free | Democracy |
1969 | Free | Democracy |
1970 | Free | Democracy |
1971 | Free | Democracy |
1972 | Free | Democracy |
1973 | Free | Democracy |
1974 | Free | Democracy |
1975 | Free | Democracy |
1976 | Free | Democracy |
1977 | Free | Democracy |
1978 | Free | Democracy |
1979 | Free | Democracy |
1980 | Free | Democracy |
1981 | Free | Democracy |
1982 | Free | Democracy |
1983 | Free | Democracy |
1984 | Free | Democracy |
1985 | Free | Democracy |
1986 | Free | Democracy |
1987 | Free | Democracy |
1988 | Free | Democracy |
1989 | Free | Democracy |
1990 | Free | Democracy |
1991 | Free | Democracy |
1992 | Free | Democracy |
1993 | Free | Democracy |
1994 | Free | Democracy |
1995 | Free | Democracy |
1996 | Free | Democracy |
1997 | Free | Democracy |
1998 | Free | Democracy |
1999 | Free | Democracy |
2000 | Free | Democracy |
2001 | Free | Democracy |
2002 | Free | Democracy |
2003 | Free | Democracy |
2004 | Free | Democracy |
2005 | Free | Democracy |
2006 | Free | Democracy |
2007 | Free | Democracy |
2008 | Free | Democracy |
2009 | Free | Democracy |
2010 | Free | Democracy |
2011 | Free | Democracy |
2012 | Free | Democracy |
Media Freedom History in a Nutshell
- The First Amendment to the Constitution provides for media freedom and the government generally respects this
- Media critics have identified commercialization, concentration of ownership, and the tendency of journalists to rely on official sources as threats to media independence, yet U.S. media have the potential to criticize the government
- Although the United States has public broadcast media, the market is dominated by private broadcast and cable networks
- Both the number of newspapers and newspaper circulations have plummeted in recent years; in 2012, the United States had more than 1,400 daily newspapers with a total average circulation per issue of 45,729,000 (World Association of Newspapers’ World Press Trends 2012 Report)
- As of 2012, about 81 percent ...
- Loading...