Scholars of international relations and international communications view the extent of media freedom from country to country as a key comparative indicator either by itself or in correlation with other indices of national political and economic development. This indicator serves as a bellwether for gauging the health and spread of democracy.

Historical Guide to World Media Freedom is a new reference from CQ Press that brings together comprehensive historical data on media freedom since World War II. It provides consistent and comparable measures of media freedom in all independent countries for the years 1948 to the present. The work also includes country-by country summaries, analyses of historical and regional trends in media freedom, and extensive reliability analyses of media freedom measures.

The key information provided is designed to help researchers connect these historical measures of media freedom to Freedom House's annual Freedom of the Press survey release, enabling them to extend their studies back before the 1980s when Freedom House began compiling global press freedom measures.

The reference covers three major areas

-introductory chapters discuss the theoretical premises behind the nature and importance of media freedom, operational definitions of media freedom, the challenges of compiling reliable measures, historical trends, and the challenges of coding for media freedom in a way that ensures consistency for comparison.

-the heart of the book includes alphabetical, country-by-country summaries of the ebb and flow of media freedom paired with national media freedom measures over time. This is essential reading for researchers to connect the dots in understanding global media freedom.

-concluding material provides a detailed discussion of the historical patterns in media freedom, consideration of how media freedom tracks with other cross-national indicators, and discussion of the reliability of the information available on media freedom.

Accessible to both students and scholars alike, this groundbreaking new reference will be essential to collections in political science, international studies, and journalism and communications.

Tonga: 1986–2012

Tonga: 1986–2012
Tonga Year by Year
YearMediaGovernment
1986Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
1987Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
1988Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
1989Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
1990Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
1991Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
1992Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
1993Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
1994Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
1995Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
1996Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
1997Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
1998Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
1999Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
2000Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
2001Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
2002Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
2003Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
2004Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
2005Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
2006Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
2007Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
2008Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
2009Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
2010Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
2011Imperfectly FreeAnocracy
2012Imperfectly FreeAnocracy

Media Freedom History in a Nutshell

  • Although Tonga did not begin to democratize until 2010, media have been for the most part functionally free since the 1980s
  • Tonga has a mix of independent and state-run print and broadcast media
  • As of 2012, about 35 percent of Tongans had Internet access (International Telecommunication Union's 2012 ICT Indicators Database)

In Brief

Tonga, the last Polynesian monarchy, is a collection of 169 islands. Although this South Pacific country was a British protectorate for seven decades, it was never formerly colonized and has retained its indigenous governance. It became fully independent ...

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